Table 2.
Crude glycerol conversion by a micro-organism into valuable products
| Micro-organism | Type of strain | Product formed | Yield or concentration | Productivity (g/L/h) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | C. freundii FMCC-B294 | 1,3 propanediol | 0.48 mol/mol | 0.79 g/L/h | [41] |
| C. werkmonii DSM 17,579 | 0.62 mol/mol | 2.84 g/L/h | [50] | ||
| C. freudii H3 | Hydrogen | 0.94 mol/mol | – | [51] | |
| Clostridium | C. pasteurianam (immobilised) | n-butanol | 0.43 mol/mol | 0.074 g/L/h | [52] |
| Clostridium CT7 | 11.8 g/L | – | [53] | ||
| C. butyricum AKR102a | 1,3 propanediol | 0.63 mol/mol | 3.3 g/L/h | [15] | |
| C. butryricum VPI 3266 | 0.65 mol/mol | 10.3 g/L/h | [54] | ||
| Engineered C.acetobutylicum | 0.66 mol/mol | 3 g/L/h | [55] | ||
| C. butyricum (DL07) | 94.2 g/L | 3.04 g/(L h) | [56] | ||
| Enterobacter | Enterobacter aerogenes TISTR 1468 | Ethanol | 0.59 mol/mol | – | [57] |
| Enterobacter MT491125 | 1,3 propanediol & 2,3-butanediol | 0.70 g/ml & 0.88 g/ml | – | [58] | |
| Enterobacter sp. LU1 | Succinic acid |
0.38 ± 0.21 mol/mol (Microaerobic) 0.58 ± 0.11 mol/mol (Anaerobic) |
0.19 ± 0.09 g/L/h 0.24 ± 0.12 g/L/h |
[59] | |
| E. coli | Engineered E. coli Sy03 | Ethanol | 1 mol/mol | 0.051 g/L/h | [60] |
| E. coli AC521 | Lactic acid | 0.9 mol/mol | 0.97 g/L/h | [61] | |
| Engineered E. coli | Succinate | 0.8 mol/mol | – | [62] | |
| Engineered E. coli | Succinate | 0.93 mol/mol | – | [63] | |
| E. coli YY-GS011 | Succinate | 0.92 mol/mol | – | [64] | |
| Engineered Escherichia coli | butanol | 6.9 g/L | 0.18 g/L/h | [65] | |
| Klebsiella | Engineered K. pneumonia | Ethanol | 0.89 mol/mol | 1.2 g/L/h | [66] |
| K. pneumonia encapsulated | 1,3 propanediol |
0.65 mol/mol batch 0.43 mol/mol continuous |
4.46 g/L/h | [67] | |
| K. oxytoca lactate deficient | 0.41–0.53 mol/mol |
0.63–0.83 g/L/h |
[68, 69] | ||
| K. pneumonia inactivated ADH | 0.70 mol/mol | 1.07 g/L/h | [70] | ||
| K. pneumoniae DSMZ 2026 | 1,3-propanediol | 0.42 g/g | 1.57 g/L/h | [71] | |
| Lactobacillus | Lactobacillus reuteri CH53 | 1,3-propanediol | 68.32 ± 0.84 g/L |
1.27 ± 0.02 g/L/h |
[72] |
| Propionibacterium | Engineered P. acidipropionici | Propionic acid | 0.88 mol/mol | 0.085 g/L/h | [73] |
| Mixed culture | R. palustris CGA009 | Hydrogen | 6 mol/mol | – | [74] |
| P. macerans | Hydrogen | 0.801 mol/mol | [75] | ||
| Fungi | L. edodes |
Single cell oil Oxalic acid |
0.1 g/g | [76] | |
| A. niger | Single cell oil | 0.411 g/g | – | [77] | |
| Thamnidium elegans | Single cell oil (SCO) | – | – | [78] | |
| Yeast | Engineered S. cerevisiae | Ethanol | – | – | [79] |
| Y. lipolytica wrastislavia AWG7 | Citric acid | 0.33 mol/mol | 1.16 g/L/h | [80] | |
| Yarrowia lipolytica | Succinic acid | 0.45 mol/mol | 1.45 g/L/h | [81] | |
| Crytococus curvatus | Single cell oil | 52% lipid | – | [82] | |
| Rhodotorula glutinis | 36.5% lipid | – | [83] | ||
| Microalgae | S. limacinum SR21 | DHA | – | 0.52 g/L/h | [84] |