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. 2021 Jun 6;19:170. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00915-3

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

Melatonin alleviates Ti-particles induced osteolysis through the enrichment of gut microbiota metabolite butyrate. Melatonin reverses the dysbacteriosis triggered by inflammatory osteolysis and raises the relative abundance of SCFA producing bacterium. Enrichment of butyrate following the change of microbiota activates GPR109A and suppresses osteolysis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation