Table 1.
Effect of personalised nutrition intervention on intake of discretionary foods and beverages at month 6
| Control Mean (L0) |
Personalised nutrition Mean (L1, L2, L3) |
Personalised nutrition | L0 vs (L1 + L2 + L3) |
L1 vs (L2 + L3) |
L2 vs L3 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | L2 | L3 | ||||||
| n | 312 | 958 | 312 | 325 | 321 | |||
| Discretionary intake, FSS | ||||||||
| Energy, % of total (kJ) | 12.0 ± 0.41 | 11.1 ± 0.23 | 11.0 ± 0.41 | 11.6 ± 0.40 | 10.8 ± 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.68 | 0.14 |
| Total fat, % of total (g/day) | 13.5 ± 0.47 | 12.7 ± 0.27 | 12.5 ± 0.47 | 13.2 ± 0.46 | 12.2 ± 0.47 | 0.12 | 0.65 | 0.12 |
| Saturated fat, % of total (g/day) | 17.1 ± 0.58 | 16.0 ± 0.33 | 15.8 ± 0.58 | 16.7 ± 0.57 | 15.5 ± 0.57 | 0.10 | 0.69 | 0.16 |
| Total sugars, % of total (g/day) | 21.1 ± 0.65 | 19.0 ± 0.37 | 18.7 ± 0.65 | 19.6 ± 0.64 | 18.6 ± 0.64 | 0.005 | 0.58 | 0.31 |
| Salt, % of total (g/day) | 6.99 ± 0.32 | 6.53 ± 0.18 | 6.43 ± 0.32 | 6.87 ± 0.31 | 6.29 ± 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.69 | 0.19 |
| Discretionary intake, ADG | ||||||||
| Energy, % of total (kJ) | 32.7 ± 0.59 | 31.2 ± 0.59 | 31.0 ± 0.59 | 32.5 ± 0.58 | 30.1 ± 0.58 | 0.031 | 0.65 | 0.005 |
| Total fat, % of total (g/day) | 33.3 ± 0.65 | 31.5 ± 0.37 | 31.1 ± 0.65 | 32.7 ± 0.64 | 30.7 ± 0.64 | 0.021 | 0.43 | 0.028 |
| Saturated fat, % of total (g/day) | 37.8 ± 0.75 | 36.0 ± 0.43 | 35.5 ± 0.75 | 37.3 ± 0.74 | 35.0 ± 0.74 | 0.034 | 0.49 | 0.030 |
| Total sugars, % of total (g/day) | 34.7 ± 0.78 | 31.7 ± 0.44 | 31.4 ± 0.78 | 32.8 ± 0.76 | 30.9 ± 0.77 | < 0.001 | 0.58 | 0.08 |
| Salt, % of total (g/day) | 36.6 ± 0.71 | 35.9 ± 0.41 | 35.8 ± 0.71 | 37.3 ± 0.69 | 34.6 ± 0.70 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 0.007 |
| Contribution made by sweets and snacks, % of total intake (g/day) | ||||||||
| Total fat | 16.3 ± 0.50 | 16.3 ± 0.28 | 16.2 ± 0.50 | 16.6 ± 0.49 | 16.1 ± 0.49 | 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.48 |
| Saturated fat | 18.5 ± 0.49 | 18.0 ± 0.33 | 17.8 ± 0.57 | 18.5 ± 0.56 | 17.8 ± 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.67 | 0.40 |
| Total sugars | 21.5 ± 0.63 | 19.1 ± 0.36 | 18.7 ± 0.63 | 19.3 ± 0.63 | 19.2 ± 0.63 | < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.91 |
| Salt | 7.45 ± 0.30 | 6.97 ± 0.17 | 6.99 ± 0.30 | 7.26 ± 0.30 | 6.65 ± 0.29 | 0.17 | 0.93 | 0.14 |
Values represent adjusted means ± SE; contrast analyses were used to test for significant differences between groups; ancova were adjusted for baseline intake (for month 6 analyses), age, sex and country. FSS, Food Standards Scotland classification of discretionary foods and beverages. ADG, Australian Dietary Guidelines classification of discretionary foods and beverages. L0, Level 0 - Control, generalised advice; L1, Level 1 – personalised advice based on diet alone; L2, Level 2 – personalised advice based on diet and phenotype; L3, Level 3 – personalised advice based on diet, phenotype and genotype