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. 2021 Jun 6;9:105. doi: 10.1186/s40478-021-01209-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Immunostaining of phospho-aSyn (S129) and phospho-NRF2 (S40) in post-mortem control and PD midbrain sections. A–D Representative IHC images showing phospho-aSyn (S129) and phospho-NRF2 (S40) immunostaining in substantia nigra (SN) and periaqueductal grey (PAG) of two controls (A–B) and four PD cases (C, D). Red arrows in the 20 × magnified views point to cells with predominant nuclear localization of phospho-NRF2 (scale bar = 100 µm). Also see Additional file 1: Figure S1 showing panoramic and magnified views from a control and a PD case and Additional file 1: Table S1. Primary antibodies: p-aSyn (S129)-81A (in A, C) and p-NRF2 (S40)-EP1809Y (in B, D). E, F Semi-quantitative analyses of p-aSyn (pS129; in E) and p-NRF2 (pS40; in F) immunopositive cells in the indicated regions of control and PD midbrain sections. Individual data points represent immunopositive cell counts/mm²/region in each section, with controls being depicted as black triangles and PD as the black squares. (SN substantia nigra; PAG periaqueductal grey matter; One-way ANOVA: ns, not significant; ***p < 0.0001)