Table 3.
Inpatient characteristics of weighted cohorts
| Characteristics | COVID-19–positive W = 2247 |
No. nonmissing | Influenza-positive W = 2233 |
No. nonmissing | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 132 (23) | 2224 | 136 (26) | 2230 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure trough, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 102 (16) | 2224 | 108 (17) | 2230 | <0.001 |
| Admission diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 76 (13) | 2224 | 78 (14) | 2230 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure trough, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 57 (11) | 2224 | 60 (11) | 2230 | <0.001 |
| Admission pulse, bpm, mean (SD) | 92 (19) | 2229 | 96 (20) | 2230 | <0.001 |
| Admission O2 saturation, %, mean (SD) | 94.4 (5.2) | 2182 | 94.8 (4.1) | 2209 | 0.009 |
| O2 saturation trough, %, mean (SD) | 88.8 (7.4) | 2182 | 90.9 (4.8) | 2209 | <0.001 |
| O2 saturation trough <88%, n (%) | 553 (25) | 2182 | 289 (13) | 2209 | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 376 (17) | 2247 | 66 (3) | 2233 | <0.001 |
| Lactic acid (peak), mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.3 (2.8) | 1502 | 1.9 (1.4) | 1252 | <0.001 |
| WBC count (peak), 1000/mm3, mean (SD) | 11.2 (8.3) | 2242 | 9.7 (5.5) | 2232 | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria, n (%) | 2247 | 2233 | <0.001 | ||
| Not measured | 819 (36) | 873 (39) | |||
| Negative or trace | 474 (21) | 620 (28) | |||
| 1+ | 389 (17) | 359 (16) | |||
| ≥2+ | 564 (25) | 381 (17) | |||
| New-onset proteinuria, n (%) | 370 (42) | 887a | 254 (28) | 907a | <0.001 |
| Worsened preexisting proteinuria, n (%) | 117 (29) | 403b | 72 (19) | 387b | <0.001 |
| Hematuria, n (%) | 2247 | 2233 | 0.066 | ||
| Not measured | 859 (38) | 902 (40) | |||
| Negative or trace | 808 (36) | 780 (35) | |||
| 1+ | 261 (12) | 278 (12) | |||
| ≥2+ | 319 (14) | 273 (12) | |||
| New-onset hematuria, n (%) | 273 (28) | 986a | 207 (21) | 990a | <0.001 |
| Worsened preexisting hematuria, n (%) | 65 (23) | 287b | 55 (20) | 278b | 0.347 |
| Vasopressors, n (%) | 282 (13) | 2247 | 33 (1) | 2233 | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 155 (7) | 2247 | 344 (15) | 2233 | <0.001 |
| Steroids, n (%) | 394 (18) | 2247 | 669 (30) | 2233 | <0.001 |
| Vancomycin, n (%) | 543 (24) | 2247 | 330 (15) | 2233 | <0.001 |
| β-Lactams, n (%) | 451 (20) | 2247 | 386 (17) | 2233 | 0.007 |
| Cephalosporins, n (%) | 1128 (50) | 2247 | 780 (35) | 2233 | <0.001 |
| Length of stay, d, mean (SD) | 14.7 (20.4) | 2247 | 5.5 (11.0) | 2233 | <0.001 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; W, sum of the patient weights; WBC, white blood cell.
The W value can be thought of as the effective number of patients in the weighted cohort created by the matching weights. The entire cohort of 7082 (2500 with acute kidney injury [AKI]) patients was used with patients receiving weights greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, yielding a sum of weights equal to 4480 (1485 with AKI).
a
Denominator of patients without preexisting proteinuria (hematuria).
b
Denominator of patients with preexisting proteinuria (hematuria).