Table 5.
Inpatient characteristics of patients with AKI, weighted cohorts
| Characteristics | COVID-19–positive W = 742 |
No. nonmissing | Influenza-positive W = 743 |
No. nonmissing | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 129 (25) | 731 | 130 (29) | 742 | 0.549 |
| Systolic blood pressure trough, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 99 (17) | 731 | 103 (17) | 742 | <0.001 |
| Admission diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 74 (14) | 731 | 74 (15) | 742 | 0.998 |
| Diastolic blood pressure trough, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 55 (11) | 731 | 57 (11) | 742 | <0.001 |
| Admission pulse, bpm, mean (SD) | 93 (20) | 734 | 95 (21) | 742 | 0.144 |
| Admission O2 saturation, %, mean (SD) | 93.5 (6.6) | 717 | 94.7 (4.6) | 735 | <0.001 |
| O2 saturation trough, %, mean (SD) | 87.0 (8.6) | 717 | 90.5 (5.2) | 735 | <0.001 |
| O2 saturation trough <88%, n (%) | 253 (35) | 717 | 121 (16) | 735 | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 255 (34) | 742 | 44 (6) | 743 | <0.001 |
| Lactic acid (peak), mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.9 (3.9) | 605 | 2.3 (1.8) | 488 | <0.001 |
| WBC count (peak), 1000/mm3, mean (SD) | 14.6 (9.7) | 741 | 10.9 (7.1) | 743 | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria, n (%) | 742 | 743 | <0.001 | ||
| Not measured | 155 (21) | 208 (28) | |||
| Negative or trace | 138 (19) | 193 (26) | |||
| 1+ | 162 (22) | 152 (20) | |||
| ≥2+ | 287 (39) | 190 (26) | |||
| New-onset proteinuria, n (%) | 158 (67) | 236a | 97 (39) | 252a | <0.001 |
| Worsened preexisting proteinuria, n (%) | 61 (35) | 176b | 40 (23) | 170b | 0.011 |
| Hematuria, n (%) | 742 | 743 | 0.001 | ||
| Not measured | 166 (22) | 222 (30) | |||
| Negative or trace | 284 (38) | 255 (34) | |||
| 1+ | 117 (16) | 122 (16) | |||
| ≥2+ | 176 (24) | 143 (19) | |||
| New-onset hematuria, n (%) | 149 (49) | 303a | 100 (32) | 314a | <0.001 |
| Worsened preexisting hematuria, n (%) | 36 (34) | 105b | 29 (30) | 100b | 0.434 |
| Vasopressors, n (%) | 199 (27) | 742 | 28 (4) | 743 | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 33 (4) | 742 | 80 (11) | 743 | <0.001 |
| Steroids, n (%) | 192 (26) | 742 | 205 (28) | 743 | 0.391 |
| Vancomycin, n (%) | 305 (41) | 742 | 166 (22) | 743 | <0.001 |
| β-Lactams, n (%) | 225 (30) | 742 | 155 (21) | 743 | <0.001 |
| Cephalosporins, n (%) | 476 (64) | 742 | 317 (43) | 743 | <0.001 |
| Length of stay, d, mean (SD) | 19.6 (22.4) | 742 | 7.4 (13.2) | 743 | <0.001 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; W, sum of the patient weights; WBC, white blood cell.
The W value can be thought of as the effective number of patients in the weighted cohort created by the matching weights. The entire cohort of 7082 (2500 with AKI) patients was used with patients receiving weights greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, yielding a sum of weights equal to 4480 (1485 with AKI).
a
Denominator of patients without preexisting proteinuria (hematuria).
b
Denominator of patients with preexisting proteinuria (hematuria).