Table 1.

Cephalometric Landmarks Used in the Analysis of the Children in the Study

Landmarks	Definition
N	Most Posterior Point on the Curve at the Bridge of the Nose
S	Midpoint of the sella turcica
Ba	Most inferior-posterior point on margin of the foramen magnum
Ar	Point of intersection of the inferior cranial base surface and the averaged posterior surfaces of the mandibular condyles
Go	Most posterior-inferior point on the outline of the mandible angle
Po	Most superior point of the outline of the external auditory meatus.
Or	Deepest point on the infra-orbital margin
Me	Most inferior point on the outer inferior margin of the mandible
Gn	Most anterior-inferior point on the outline of the bony chin
Pog	Most anterior point on the contour of the bony chin
DC	Center of the mandibular condyle lying on the line N-Ba
ANS	Anterior tip of the median palate
PNS	Most posterior point on the bony hard palate
Pt	Posterior outline of the Pterygo-Maxillary Fissure
A	Most posterior point on the anterior contour of the upper alveolar process
B	Most posterior point on the anterior contour of the lower alveolar process
PM	Point on the anterior border of the symphysis between point B and Po where the curvature changes from concave to convex
D	Center point of a circle
R1	Point at the deepest notch of front margin of the mandibular ramus
R2	Point in the center of the back margin of the mandibular ramus
R3	Most inferior point in the sigmoid notch
R4	Point on the lower border of the mandible directly inferior to R3