Fig. 4.

Use of metabolic fingerprints to unravel underlying pathophysiological changes during the progression of ALD. Nightingale rose diagram of cirrhosis‐related metabolic fingerprint. The value of relative intensity of each metabolite was normalized within the two groups. The whole set of metabolites in the fingerprint was classified into different metabolic pathways, including lipids, intermediate metabolism, amino acids and proteolysis, oxidative stress and oxidative products, steroid, bile acids and bile secretion, nucleoside, pentose phosphate pathway, glucoside and glycolipid, bacteria metabolism, and uncategorized. Abbreviations: AMP, adenosine monophosphate; DHPFO, 8‐(1,2‐dihydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐5‐hydroxy‐4‐propyl‐2H,8H,9H‐furo[2,3‐h]chromen‐2‐one; HDBO, 2‐hydroxy‐4,7‐dimethoxy‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐one; NRG, (S)‐nerolidol 3‐O‐(a‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐[1‐>2]‐b‐D‐glucopyranoside).