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. 2021 Jun 4;8(1):e001571. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001571

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cox proportional hazard modelling of risk of incident heart failure. ’Further risk factors’ are prevalent stroke, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, use of blood pressure lowering medications, EGFR, FEV1, atrial fibrillation, Q waves, and left ventricular hypertrophy. analyses are presented first with comparisons with the reference (robust/least frail) modelled as categorical variables, then trend across groups modelled as continuous variables. BMI, body mass index; EGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s.