. 2021 Jun 4;22(1):404–428. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1924044

Table 2.

Summary of composite scaffolds of photothermal nanomaterials used for cancer therapy and tissue regeneration applications

Type of PTAs	Scaffold	Fabrication method	Irradiation conditions		Cell type		Application	Ref.
Type of PTAs	Scaffold	Fabrication method	Wavelength	Power and time	Cancer	Normal tissue	Application	Ref.
PDA	PDA modified alginate scaffold	3D printing method	808 nm	0.5 W cm⁻², 5 min	4T1 cells	MCF-10A cells	Breast cancer therapy and breast reconstruction	[132]
PPy, PDA	PPy@PDA hydrogel scaffold	Freeze-drying method	808 nm	1.41 W cm⁻², 10 min	A375 cells	L929 cells	Skin cancer therapy and wound healing	[136]
OPC	OPC containing hydrogel scaffold	3D printing method	808 nm	1.2 W cm⁻², 15 min	B16F10 cells	HUVECs/HDFs	Skin cancer therapy and wound healing	[137]
Carbon dots	CD doped chitosan/ nanohydroxyapatite scaffold	Freeze-drying method	808 nm	1.0 W cm⁻², 10 min	UMR-106 cells	rBMSCs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[140]
Graphene oxide	GO/polycaprolactone scaffold	Salt template assisted method	808 nm	0.75 W cm⁻², 1 min	MCF-7 cells	ADSCs	Breast cancer therapy and adipose tissue repair	[141]
Graphene oxide	PCL microfiber/GO scaffold	Electrospinning method	810 nm	10 W cm⁻², 200 s	MCF-7 cells	HDFs	Breast cancer therapy and adipose tissue repair	[142]
Au nanostars/rods	Au nanostars/rods integrated Gelatin scaffold	Ice particulate templating method	805 nm	1.6 W cm⁻², 3.0 min	HeLa cells	/	Cervical cancer therapy	[143]
Au nanorods	AuNRs integrated Gelatin scaffold	Ice particulate templating method	805 nm	1.6 W cm⁻², 6.0 min	4T1 cells	hMSCs	Breast cancer therapy and adipose tissue repair	[146]
Au nanocages	AuNCs integrated BCP scaffold	Sintering method	690/808 nm	1.0 W cm⁻², 10 min	/	Macrophages/Dendritic cells	Bone regeneration	[147]
Cu₂S	Cu₂S incorporated PLA/PCL scaffold	Electrospinning method	808 nm	0.4 W cm⁻², 15 min	B16F10 cells	HUVECs/HDFs	Skin cancer therapy and wound healing	[149]
CuFeSe₂	CuFeSe₂ integrated BG scaffold	3D printing method	808 nm	0.55 W cm⁻², 10 min	Saos-2 cells	rBMSCs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[150]
MoS₂	MoS₂ modified Akermanite scaffold	3D printing method	808 nm	0.5 W cm⁻², 10 min	Saos-2 cells	rBMSCs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[152]
Fe₃O₄	Gelatin/Fe₃O₄ composite scaffold	Ice particulate templating method	805 nm	1.6 W cm⁻², 3.0 min	HeLa cells	/	Cervical cancer therapy	[157]
Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄/GdPO₄/CS scaffold	Freeze-drying method	808 nm	4.6 W cm⁻², 150 s	MDA-MB-231 Cells	hBMSCs	Breast cancer-induced bone metastases therapy and reconstruction	[158]
Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄/GO composite scaffold	3D printing method	Magnetic field	180 Gs/409 kHz, 20 min	MG63 cells	rBMSCs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[160]
BP nanosheets	BP NSs integrated BG scaffold	3D printing method	808 nm	1.0 W cm⁻², 5 min	Saos-2 cells	hBMSCs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[162]
BP nanosheets	BP NSs incorporated Gelatin-PCL scaffold	Electrospinning method	808 nm	0.65 W cm⁻², 15 min	B16F10 cells	HUVECs/NIH-3T3 cells	Skin cancer therapy and wound healing	[163]
Nb₂C	Mesoporous Silica@Nb₂C/BG scaffold	3D printing method	1064 nm	1.0 W cm⁻², 10 min	Saos-2 cells	hBMSCs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[167]
Ti₃C₂	Ti₃C₂/BG scaffold	3D printing method	808 nm	1.0 W cm⁻², 10 min	Saos-2 cells	hBMSCs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[169]
Cu-TCPP	Cu-TCPP/TCP scaffold	3D printing method	808 nm	0.9 W cm⁻², 10 min	Saos-2 cells	hBMSCs/HUVECs	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[170]
Bi₂O₃	Bi₂O₃ doped BG scaffold	Melting and quenching technique	808 nm	1.5 W cm⁻², 10 min	UMR106 cells	MC3T3-E1 cells	Bone cancer therapy and reconstruction	[171]