Table 1.
Preoperative patient characteristics
| Variables | Group 1 (n = 13) |
Group 2 (n = 285) |
Group 3 (n = 267) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 51.0 (40.0–57.5) | 55.0 (47.0–62.0) | 54.0 (44.0–61.0) | 0.6 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 10 (76.9%) | 228 (80.0%) | 194 (72.7%) | 0.3 |
| Female | 3 (23.1%) | 57 (20.0%) | 73 (27.3%) | |
| BSA, median (IQR), m2 | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) | 0.5 |
| BMI, n (%) | ||||
| Under weight | 1 (7.7%) | 93 (32.6%) | 76 (28.5%) | <0.001 |
| Average | 6 (46.2%) | 189 (66.3%) | 189 (70.8%) | |
| Obese | 6 (46.2%) | 3 (1.1%) | 2 (0.7%) | |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | ||||
| I | 0 (0.0%) | 24 (8.4%) | 73 (27.3%) | <0.001 |
| II | 7 (53.8%) | 216 (75.8%) | 138 (51.7%) | |
| III | 5 (38.5%) | 44 (15.4%) | 49 (18.4%) | |
| IV | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (0.4%) | 7 (2.6%) | |
| Canadian score, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 67 (23.5%) | 40 (15.0%) | 0.003 |
| 1 | 4 (30.8%) | 111 (38.9%) | 99 (37.2%) | |
| 2 | 8 (61.5%) | 55 (19.3%) | 70 (26.3%) | |
| 3 | 1 (7.7%) | 51 (17.9%) | 52 (19.5%) | |
| 4 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 5 (1.9%) | |
| EuroSCORE, median (IQR) | 1.3 1.25–1.6 | 0.97 0.9–1.3 | 1.0 0.9–1.3 | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction, n (%) | ||||
| > 50% | 5 (38.5%) | 130 (45.6%) | 140 (52.4%) | 0.2 |
| 30–50% | 8 (61.5%) | 144 (50.5%) | 122 (45.7%) | |
| < 30% | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (3.9%) | 5 (1.9%) | |
| Preoperative shock, n (%) | 1 (7.7%) | 8 (2.7%) | 8 (2.9%) | 0.6 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 1 (7.7%) | 37 (12.3%) | 39 (14.0%) | 0.7 |
| Operative priority, n (%) | ||||
| Elective | 9 (69.2%) | 268 (94.0%) | 237 (88.8%) | <0.001 |
| Urgent | 2 (15.4%) | 14 (4.9%) | 23 (8.6%) | |
| Emergent | 2 (15.4%) | 3 (1.1%) | 7 (2.6%) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (69.2%) | 139 (48.8%) | 132 (49.4%) | 0.3 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (61.5%) | 141 (49.5%) | 144 (53.9%) | 0.4 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 5 (38.5%) | 107 (37.6%) | 94 (35.2%) | 0.9 |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 5 (38.5%) | 37 (13.0%) | 16 (6.0%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.7%) | 5 (1.9%) | 0.4 |
| PVD, n (%) | 2 (15.4%) | 10 (3.5%) | 8 (3.0%) | 0.06 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 3 (23.1%) | 122 (43.1%) | 102 (38.2%) | 0.2 |
| Preoperative medications, n (%) | ||||
| Aspirin, | 7 (53.8%) | 168 (58.9%) | 134 (50.2%) | 0.1 |
| Plavix | 5 (38.5%) | 69 (24.2%) | 67 (25.1%) | |
| Warfarin | 1 (7.7%) | 47 (16.9%) | 66 (24.7%) | |
| Platelets count, median (IQR), ×109/L | 215.5 (179.5–238.5) | 245.3 (225.0–338.8) | 235.7 (214.5–301.5) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, median (IQR), μmol/L | 114.9 (86.0–156.0) | 88.0 (74.0–99.0) | 89.9 (75.0–104.0) | 0.02 |
| Based ACT, median (IQR), sec | 121.6 (112.0–132.5) | 128.2 (118.3–139.0) | 127.8 (116.0–137.0) | 0.2 |