Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 who experienced or not a thrombotic event during the in-hospital stay
| Patients without thrombotic events | Patients with thrombotic events | P | |
| N | 70 | 11 | |
| Age (yr) | 63.2 ± 14.2 | 68.8 ± 13.2 | 0.226 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 1.9 | 27.8 ± 2.2 | 0.897 |
| Male sex | 57% | 82% | 0.186 |
| Arterial hypertension | 42% | 45% | 1.000 |
| Smokers | 7% | 18% | 0.240 |
| COPD | 15% | 33% | 0.189 |
| Diabetes | 16% | 0% | 0.347 |
| CAD | 14% | 18% | 0.649 |
| Heart failure | 6% | 18% | 0.198 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 9% | 9% | 1.000 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 33% | 33% | 1.000 |
| hs-CRP | 3.8 [1.2–10.8] | 20.3 [4.8–28.3] | 0.003 |
| D-dimer | 1,180 [672–2,194] | 3,913 [1,713–4,505] | 0.010 |
| LPS (pg/mL) | 45 [21–69] | 79 [62–96] | 0.003 |
| Zonulin (ng/mL) | 2.8 [2.1–3.7] | 3.7 [2.1–4.4] | 0.247 |
Differences between percentages were assessed by Fisher exact tests. All continuous variables were tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Student unpaired t test was used for normally distributed continuous variables (expressed as mean ± SD). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed continuous variables (expressed as median [interquartile range]).
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus 2019; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharides.