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. 2021 May 18;134(11):1276–1285. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001545

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic demonstration for ChREBP-regulated fructose metabolism pathway and its effects on glucose metabolism. Fructose enters cells via GLUT2 or GLUT5, and undergoes fructolysis without negative-feedback, which leads to the activation of ChREBP and its target genes encoding the key enzymes involved in fructolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and lipogenesis (as labeled in red). As a result, large amount of fructose uptake and fructolysis promotes uric acid production. AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; ChREBP: Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein; Elovl6: Very-long-chain fatty acid elongase 6; F-1,6-P2: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; F-1-P: Fructose-1-phosphate; F-6-P: Fructose-6-phosphate; FBP1: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1; G-1-P: Glucose 1-phosphate; G-6-P: Glucose-6-phosphate; GA: Glyceraldehyde; GCK: Glucokinase; GLUT: Glucose transporter; KHK: Ketohexokinase; PFK: Phosphofructokinase; SCD1: Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1; TKFC: Triokinase; VLDL: Very-low-density lipoprotein.