Table 2.

Characteristics of physically active individuals.

Study	Year	Total	Mean age	Population	ERP%
Reinhard[22]	2019	623	21.0 ± 5.0	Elite athletes who were examined in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Germany.	17.3
Miragoli[46]	2019	414	13.6 ± 1.8	Non-professional healthy adolescent athletes	22.2
Roche[47]	2018	2508	24.0 ± 5.0	Recruits of the French Foreign Legion who were healthy and physically active men	19.5
Malhotra[48]	2015	66	NA	Actively training Indian athletes training for competitive sports in one of the premier training institutes of Indian Armed Forces between July 2012 and August 2012	42.4
Kiss[49]	2015	227	27.2 ± 8.7	Asymptomatic elite, non-elite and master athletes in Hungarian	64.3
Brosnan[50]	2015	726	16.0−40.0	Non-Caucasian Australian male athletes (173) Caucasian male athletes (553)	36.8
Serra-Grima[51]	2015	299	ERP (+): 20.5 ± 6.4ERP (−): 20.1 ± 6.4	White elite athletes recruited between 1960 and 1999	31.4
Vinsonneau[52]	2015	250	22.9 ± 0.5	Healthy military officers aged over 17 years, Caucasians and practicing at least two hours of sport per week	19.2
Aagaard [53]	2014	151	50.0 ± 5.0	Physically active middle-age males who had registered for first-time participation in the 2010 cross-country race and lived in the Greater Stockholm area	44.4
Vinsonneau[54]	2013	746	29.0 ± 10.3	Caucasian military officers incorporated or engaged in French Navy units in Brittany from November 2010 to November 2011	13.8
Noseworthy[55]	2011	879	18.4 ± 0.8	Student athletes ≥18 years old who were official participants in competitive inter-collegiate athletics between 2006 and 2010	25.1
Junttila[56]	2011	503	17.0−24.0	Athletes at the University of Miami in 2000	29.8
Ouali[57]	2011	540	18.3 ± 2.4	Athletes in the Central Sports Medicine Centre of El Menzah in Tunisia, 100% white Arabs	22.0
Bianco[58]	2001	155	30.9 ± 10.1	Top-ranking male Caucasian athletes	89.7