Table 3.
Biomarker measurements
| Normal |
HTN |
LVH |
HFpEF |
F test P values ANOVA |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | AA | P | C | AA | P | C | AA | P | C | AA | P | Race P value |
Disease P value |
Race × disease P value |
|
| MMP-1, ng/mL | 0.80 ± 0.73 | 1.02 ± 1.29 | .381 | 0.80 ± 0.60 | 0.75 ± 0.89 | .745 | 0.89 ± 0.75 | 0.90 ± 0.73 | .941 | 0.95 ± 1.00 | 0.97 ± 0.89 | .962 | .688 | .655 | .841 |
| MMP-2, ng/mL | 402 ± 144 | 345 ± 103 | .122 | 317 ± 135 | 247 ± 110† | .018 | 328 ± 116 | 314 ± 184 | .598 | 415 ± 191 | 420 ± 140 | .896 | .042∗ | <.001 | .319 |
| MMP-3, ng/mL | 11 ± 8 | 8 ± 4† | .048 | 10 ± 5 | 7 ± 4† | .046 | 11 ± 10 | 9 ± 5 | .264 | 12 ± 5 | 11 ± 7 | .514 | <.01∗ | .158 | .682 |
| MMP-7, ng/mL | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | .826 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | .859 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 1.8† | .001 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | .819 | .245 | <.001 | .074 |
| MMP-8, ng/mL | 2.5 ± 3.5 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | .085 | 3.5 ± 4.3 | 1.9 ± 2.5† | .025 | 4.2 ± 4.6 | 2.0 ± 2.0† | <.001 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | .393 | <.001∗ | .029 | .594 |
| MMP-9, ng/mL | 114 ± 110 | 75 ± 41 | .074 | 107 ± 72 | 79 ± 60 | .119 | 139 ± 82 | 111 ± 95 | .064 | 127 ± 63 | 117 ± 72 | .659 | <.01∗ | .015 | .849 |
| TIMP-1, ng/mL | 64 ± 19 | 67 ± 17 | .638 | 83 ± 27 | 68 ± 20† | .001 | 89 ± 25 | 72 ± 22† | <.001 | 89 ± 27 | 75 ± 17† | .027 | <.001∗ | <.001 | .042 |
| TIMP-2, ng/mL | 75 ± 12 | 73 ± 15 | .499 | 83 ± 14 | 78 ± 22 | .104 | 86 ± 14 | 79 ± 15† | <.01 | 84 ± 13 | 77 ± 12† | .044 | <.001∗ | <.001 | .735 |
| TIMP-3, ng/mL | 5.9 ± 7.4 | 4.3 ± 3.6 | .411 | 10.6 ± 8.6 | 6.1 ± 6.9† | <.01 | 12.5 ± 10.9 | 4.5 ± 3.8† | <.001 | 7.2 ± 8.1 | 2.9 ± 1.2† | .048 | <.001∗ | <.01 | .053 |
| TIMP-4, ng/mL | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | .515 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | .131 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | .772 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | .735 | .259 | <.001 | .600 |
| PINP, ng/mL | 40 ± 20 | 40 ± 18 | .931 | 34 ± 20 | 43 ± 23† | .031 | 30 ± 14 | 40 ± 32† | <.01 | 36 ± 27 | 49 ± 20† | .031 | <.001∗ | .171 | .412 |
| PIIINP, ng/mL | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | .939 | 7.3 ± 2.2 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | .395 | 7.8 ± 1.9 | 7.4 ± 2.3 | .345 | 8.9 ± 3.1 | 9.6 ± 3.4 | .217 | .475 | <.001 | .385 |
| CITP, ng/mL | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | .872 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | .013 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 2.1† | .013 | 4.6 ± 3.6 | 2.5 ± 1.7† | <.001 | <.001∗ | .048 | .038 |
| CTP-1, ng/mL | 0.05 ± 0.12 | 0.05 ± 0.08 | .784 | 0.05 ± 0.09 | 0.05 ± 0.09 | .897 | 0.05 ± 0.08 | 0.04 ± 0.09 | .587 | 0.02 ± 0.05 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | .827 | .585 | .325 | .996 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 100 ± 106 | 40 ± 31 | .098 | 102 ± 99 | 30 ± 26† | .016 | 105 ± 122 | 70 ± 60† | .031 | 268 ± 299 | 132 ± 154† | <.001 | <.001∗ | <.001 | .141 |
| sRAGE, ng/mL | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 3.4 | .191 | 3.9 ± 2.8 | 2.9 ± 2.8† | .037 | 3.6 ± 3.1 | 2.4 ± 2.0† | <.01 | 3.3 ± 2.1 | 1.9 ± 1.5† | .041 | .012∗ | .193 | .034 |
| Osteopontin, ng/mL | 75 ± 37 | 73 ± 17 | .892 | 77 ± 29 | 74 ± 31 | .791 | 82 ± 46 | 90 ± 71 | .289 | 98 ± 42 | 89 ± 40 | .479 | .831 | .027 | .642 |
A= late diastolic filling velocity (atrial contraction); AA = African Americans; BSA = body surface area; C = Caucasians; CITP = collagen I teleopeptide; E = peak early filling velocity (rapid filling); HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HTN = hypertension; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; MMP = matrix metalloproteinases; NT-proBNP = N-terminal propeptide of brain natriuretic peptide; PINP = collagen I N-terminal propeptides; PIIINP = collagen III N-terminal propeptide; RWTd = relative wall thickness at end diastole; sRAGE = soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products; TIMP = tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases.
Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
Asterisk indicates statistically significant P values.
P < .05 vs corresponding Caucasian.