Table 1.
Case no. | 1 | 2 | Uppal et al. [15] | Uppal et al. [15] | Moeinzadeh et al. [16] | Jalalzadeh et al. [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 26 | 36 | 64 | 46 | 25 | 46 |
Sex | Male | Female | Male | Male | Male | Female |
Comorbidities | None | None | None | Diabetes mellitus | None | Diabetes mellitus and scleroderma |
Peak SCr (mg/dL) | 8.44 | 1.91 | 7.87 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 8.3 |
Serum albumin, (g/dL) | 2.58 | 2.22 | 2.8 | 2.1 | NA | NA |
Positive serology | MPO (p-ANCA) | PR3 (c-ANCA) | MPO (p-ANCA) | PR3 (c-ANCA) | PR3 (c-ANCA) | MPO (p-ANCA) |
Lung involvement | Subpleural and parenchymal dispersed consolidative ground-glass opacities | Bilateral cavitary lesions | Bilateral patchy infiltrates | Resolving peripheral ground-glass opacities | Alveolar hemorrhage | Bilateral pleural effusions and pulmonary infiltrates |
Skin pathology | None | None | None | Leukocytoclastic vasculitis | None | None |
Kidney pathology | Crescentic GN | Necrotizing crescentic GN | Crescentic GN | Focal necrotizing GN | Crescentic GN | Crescentic GN |
Renal replacement therapy | Yes, hemodialysis | No | Yes, hemodialysis | No | No | No |
COVID-19 treatment | Favipiravir | Favipiravir | Tocilizumab, convalescent plasma | Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin | Hydroxychloroquine, levofloxacin, IVIG | NA |
AAV treatment | Glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange | Glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide | Glucocorticoids, rituximab | Glucocorticoids, rituximab | Glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, plasmapheresis | Glucocorticoids |
Antibody titers on admission | MPO: 80.6 U/mL | c-ANCA (1:32) | MPO: 32.5 U/mL | PR-3: 57.3 U/mL | c-ANCA (1:50) | p-ANCA > 1:1280 |
c-ANCA, cytoplasmic antineutrophilic autoantibody; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; GN, glomerulonephritis; IVIG; intravenous immunoglobulin; p-ANCA, perinuclear antineutrophilic autoantibody; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NA, not available; PR3, proteinase 3; sCr, serum creatinine