Table 1.

The summary of the clinical and demographic findings, and treatment strategies of these two cases and the previously published cases of AAV with COVID-19

Case no.	1	2	Uppal et al. [15]	Uppal et al. [15]	Moeinzadeh et al. [16]	Jalalzadeh et al. [17]
Age, years	26	36	64	46	25	46
Sex	Male	Female	Male	Male	Male	Female
Comorbidities	None	None	None	Diabetes mellitus	None	Diabetes mellitus and scleroderma
Peak SCr (mg/dL)	8.44	1.91	7.87	4.0	5.5	8.3
Serum albumin, (g/dL)	2.58	2.22	2.8	2.1	NA	NA
Positive serology	MPO (p-ANCA)	PR3 (c-ANCA)	MPO (p-ANCA)	PR3 (c-ANCA)	PR3 (c-ANCA)	MPO (p-ANCA)
Lung involvement	Subpleural and parenchymal dispersed consolidative ground-glass opacities	Bilateral cavitary lesions	Bilateral patchy infiltrates	Resolving peripheral ground-glass opacities	Alveolar hemorrhage	Bilateral pleural effusions and pulmonary infiltrates
Skin pathology	None	None	None	Leukocytoclastic vasculitis	None	None
Kidney pathology	Crescentic GN	Necrotizing crescentic GN	Crescentic GN	Focal necrotizing GN	Crescentic GN	Crescentic GN
Renal replacement therapy	Yes, hemodialysis	No	Yes, hemodialysis	No	No	No
COVID-19 treatment	Favipiravir	Favipiravir	Tocilizumab, convalescent plasma	Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin	Hydroxychloroquine, levofloxacin, IVIG	NA
AAV treatment	Glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange	Glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide	Glucocorticoids, rituximab	Glucocorticoids, rituximab	Glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, plasmapheresis	Glucocorticoids
Antibody titers on admission	MPO: 80.6 U/mL	c-ANCA (1:32)	MPO: 32.5 U/mL	PR-3: 57.3 U/mL	c-ANCA (1:50)	p-ANCA > 1:1280

c-ANCA, cytoplasmic antineutrophilic autoantibody; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; GN, glomerulonephritis; IVIG; intravenous immunoglobulin; p-ANCA, perinuclear antineutrophilic autoantibody; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NA, not available; PR3, proteinase 3; sCr, serum creatinine