Table 2:
The association of financial toxicity with depression, anxiety, emotional distress, and quality of life.
| Independent variables | Depression | Anxiety | Distress | Quality of life |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | |
| Patient demographics | ||||
| Financial toxicity (Vs. None) | 0.81(0.15, 1.48)* | 1.67 (0.74, 2.61)*** | 0.73 (0.08, 1.39)* | -5.30 (−8.92, −1.69)** |
| Education (vs. <High school) | ||||
| High school graduate | 0.02 (−0.79, 0.82) | −0.07 (−1.20, 1.07) | −0.40 (−1.20, 0.39) | −0.09 (−4.46, 4.29) |
| Some college or above | −0.54 (−1.35, 0.26) | −1.03 (−2.16, 0.11) | −0.61 (−1.41, 0.19) | 1.77 (−2.61, 6.14) |
| Marital status (vs. married) | ||||
| Single | −0.04 (−0.60, 0.52) | −0.19 (−0.98, 0.60) | −0.06 (−0.61, 0.49) | 0.33 (−2.67, 3.33) |
| Gender (female vs. male) | −0.22 (−0.73, 0.29) | 0.40 (−0.32, 1.12) | 0.29 (−0.21, 0.80) | 1.10 (−1.64, 3.83) |
| Race | ||||
| African American vs Caucasian | −0.19 (−1.14, 0.75) | 0.00 (−1.33, 1.33) | −1.22 (−6.61, 4.18) | 3.95 (−1.20, 9.10) |
| Other | −0.69 (−2.23, 0.84) | −1.75 (−3.92, 0.41) | −0.74 (−6.67, 5.20) | 1.04 (−7.13, 9.21) |
| Insurance (vs. Medicare) | ||||
| (Medicare+Private) OR (Medicare+Private+Health Savings Account) | −0.35 (−0.98, 0.27) | 0.03 (−0.85, 0.91) | −0.33 (−0.94, 0.29) | 2.42 (−0.95, 5.79) |
| (Medicaid+Medicare) OR (Medicaid+Private) | −0.42 (−1.64, 0.80) | −0.86 (−2.58, 0.86) | −0.64 (−1.85, 0.56) | 0.57 (−6.04, 7.17) |
| Private OR Veterans Affairs | −0.78 (−1.98, 0.41) | −0.20 (−1.88, 1.48) | −0.33 (−1.53, 0.86) | −0.32 (−6.79, 6.15) |
| Income (vs. <$20,000) | ||||
| $20–50,000 | −0.34 (−1.20, 0.52) | 0.14 (−1.07, 1.36) | −0.25 (−1.10, 0.60) | 2.22 (−2.44, 6.88) |
| $50–100,000 | −0.18 (−1.17, 0.80) | −0.07 (−1.46, 1.32) | −0.05 (−1.03, 0.92) | 4.33 (−1.00, 9.65) |
| >$100,000 | 0.11 (−1.17, 0.80) | 1.27 (−0.53, 3.08) | −0.23 (−1.50, 1.05) | −1.28 (−8.15, 5.59) |
| Declined to answer | −0.04 (−0.97, 0.9) | 0.12 (−1.19, 1.43) | −0.50 (−1.42, 0.42) | 1.19 (−3.85, 6.24) |
| Ethnicity (vs. Hispanic) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic/ Latino | 1.58 (−3.90, 7.06) | 1.79 (−5.94, 9.52) | −1.22 (−6.61, 4.18) | −5.13 (−34.32, 24.06) |
| Unknown | 3.10 (−2.93, 9.13) | 2.63 (−5.86, 11.13) | −0.74 (−6.67, 5.20) | −8.33 (−40.43, 23.77) |
Note: Higher scores for the GDS-7, GAD-7, and ED indicate greater depression, greater anxiety, and greater emotional distress; while higher scores on the FACT-G indicate greater quality of life.
*
p-value<0.05
**
p-value<0.01
***
p-value<0.001
Abbreviations: ED - Emotional Distress Thermometer; FACT-G - Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General; GAD-7 - Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Item Scale; GDS - Geriatric Depression Scale
Only patient covariates significant in bivariate analyses with the primary predictor of interest (FT3; p<0.10) were included in the final model