Fig. 2.

Summary of the interplay of moderators and targets of primary prevention strategies for irritability and temper outbursts. The main outcome measures are highlighted in the darker color shades (child behavior problems, resilience, emotion regulation difficulties). Key Terms: Affective instability, Shifts in emotional intensity over a relatively brief period of time within an individual; Cognitive reappraisal, Reinterpretation of an emotion-eliciting situation in a way that changes its emotional impact; Emotion regulation, Ability to respond appropriately to situational demands and manage the experience and expression of emotions; Expressive suppression, Inhibition of emotional expression; Externalizing behaviors, Actions in the external world, such as aggression, impulsivity, control problems; Instrumental support seeking, Soliciting advice and assistance with planning, decision-making and problem solving; Internalizing behaviors, Characterized by processes within the self, such as anxiety, depression, withdrawal; Mastery motivation, Drive to control and master challenges independently and persistently; Mindfulness-based stress reduction, Developed by Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn in 1979, an 8-week program teaching mindfulness meditation exercises, initially targeting stress management; Positive parental emotion, Experience of positive emotions by parents; Regulatory choice flexibility, Ability to deploy different emotion regulation strategies based on context; Resilience, Capacity of a system to successfully adapt to threats to its function, viability, or development; Self-compassion, Ability to be kind and nonjudgmental toward the self during stress and failure; Self-esteem, Affectively laden evaluation of one’s worth.