Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Cohort and Control Group at Hospital Admission
| Study Cohort n = 80 | Controls n = 29 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 79 [73, 85] | 56 [50, 60] | < 0.0001 |
| Male (n, %) | 42, 52.5 | 24, 82.7 | 0.0043 |
| Type 2 diabetes (n, %) | 22, 27.5 | 6, 20.7 | 0.4721 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 46, 57.5 | 10, 34.5 | 0.0336 |
| Heart failure (n, %) | 9; 11.2 | 0 | 0.0593 |
| Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 16, 20.0 | 0 | 0.0091 |
| ASCVD (n, %) | 19, 23.7 | 4, 13.8 | 0.2602 |
| ACEi/ARB (n, %) | 40, 50.0 | 9, 31.0 | 0.0786 |
| Statins (n, %) | 21, 26.2 | 6, 20.7 | 0.5523 |
| Antithrombotic therapy (n, %) | 41, 51.2 | 5, 17.2 | 0.0015 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (n, %) | 37, 46.2 | 5, 17.2 | 0.0060 |
| Random plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 128 [113, 170] | 156 [130, 194] | 0.0137 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.0 [0.8, 1.3] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.2] | 0.5606 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 60.2 ± 18.8 | 81.2 ± 20.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Serum Na2+ (mEq/l) | 137 [135, 140] | 136 [134, 139] | 0.1088 |
| Serum K+ (mEq/l) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 0.7600 |
| BUN (mmol/l) | 23 [18, 32] | 18 [15, 21] | 0.0009 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 6.4 [2.3, 12.5] | 6.1 [2.1, 10.0] | 0.5432 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 19.6 [6.8, 30.0] | 20.7 [13.4, 31.6] | 0.5595 |
| Ferritin (μg/l) | 513 [226, 816] | 731 [304, 1089] | 0.1317 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 503 ± 143 | 485 ± 150 | 0.7154 |
| D-dimer (mg/l) | 0.4 [0.3, 0.9] | 0.3 [0.2, 0.4] | 0.0020 |
| HS Troponine (ng/l) | 20 [10, 35] | 7 [7, 12] | <0.0001 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 62 [37, 187] | 18 [10, 44] | <0.0001 |
| pH | 7.46 [7.44, 7.49] | 7.47 [7.45, 7.50] | 0.5394 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 61 [53, 72] | 61 [54, 72] | 0.8158 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 34 [31, 38] | 32 [30, 36] | 0.3019 |
| HCO3- (mmol/l) | 25.1 ± 3.2 | 25.0 ± 2.5 | 0.7704 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) (mmHg) | 278 [237, 316] | 283 [250, 330] | 0.4346 |
Notes: Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis Tests (Rank Sums). Statistically significant differences are in bold.