Table 4. References for studies on induction chemotherapy.
| ICT | Study | Chemo | RT | OS | DFS | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, year | Design | Incl pd | Tx | Arms | Pts (no.) | Median f/u (mo.) | Regimen | Dose to 1' (Gy) | 3-yr OS | 5-yr OS | Diff in OS | 3-yr DFS | 5-yr DFS | Diff in DFS | |||||
| ICT vs. Surg | Wolf et al. (VA Larynx), 1991 (25) |
Prosp PIII, LC | – | Def | A. ICT then RT | 166 | 33 | PF | 66–76 | 60% | – | p=0.98 | 58% | 53% | P=0.12 | ||||
| B. Surg then RT | 166 | – | 50–50.4 +/− 10 | 63% | – | 70% | 65% | ||||||||||||
| Lefebvre et al. (EORTC 24891), 1996 (26) | Prosp PIII, PSC | 1990–1992 | Def | A. ICT then RT | 100 | 51 | PF | 50 +/− 20 | 57% | 30% | None reported | 43% | 25% | None reported | |||||
| B. Surg then RT | 94 | – | 50 +/− 14 | 43% | 35% | 32% | 27% | ||||||||||||
| Forastiere et al. (RTOG 91–11), 2003 (3) | Prosp PIII, LC | 1992–2000 | Def | A. ICT then RT | 173 | 45.6 | Cis–5FU | 70 | 76% (2yr) | 55% | None reported | 52% (2–yr) | 38% | A>C, P=0.02; B>C, P=0.006 | |||||
| B. CRT | 172 | HDC | 70 | 74% (2-yr) | 54% | 61% (2-yr) | 36% | ||||||||||||
| C. RT alone | 173 | – | 70 | 75% (2-yr) | 56% | 44% (2-yr) | 27% | ||||||||||||
| ICT vs. CRT alone | Haddad et al. (PARADIGM), 2013 (27) | Prosp PIII | 2004–2008 | Def | A. ICT then CRT | 70 | 49 | TPF–> Doce/Carbo | 72/70 | 73% | 67% | P=0.77 | 67% (PFS) | – | P=0.82 | ||||
| B. CRT alone | 75 | HDC | 72 | 78% | 70% | 69% (PFS) | – | ||||||||||||
| Cohen et al. (DeCIDE), 2014 (28) | Prosp PIII | 2004–2009 | Def | A. ICT tbe CRT | 138 | 30 | TPF–> DFHX | 74–75 | – | 67% | P=0.68 | – | – | – | |||||
| B. CRT alone | 135 | DFHX | 74–75 | – | 67% | – | – | – | |||||||||||
| Ghi et al., ABSTRACT only (30) | Prosp PIII | 2008–2014 | Def | A. ICT then CRT | 207 | 41.3 | TPF –> Cis–5FU or Cetux | 70 | 58% | – | A>B, P=0.025 | 47% (PFS) | – | A>B, P=0.015 | |||||
| B. CRT alone | 208 | Cis–5FU or Cetux | 70 | 46% | – | 37% (PFS) | – | ||||||||||||
| Stokes et al., 2017 (31) | Retrosp | 2003–2011 | Def | A. ICT then CRT | 1569 | 29.7 | NA | >66 | – | – | p=0.35 | – | – | – | |||||
| B. CRT alone | 6462 | NA | >66 | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||
| Chen et al., 2016 (32) | Retrosp | 2002–2011 | Def | A. CRT alone | 7986 | 50 | Pt–based | 70 | 50% | 44% | A>B/C, P<0.0001 | – | 46% | A>B/C, P<0.0001 | |||||
| B. ICT +/− RT/CRT | 503 | Docetaxel–based | 70 | 38% | 30% | – | 41% | ||||||||||||
| C. ICT +/− RT/CRT | 2232 | Pt–based | 70 | 38% | 30% | – | 38% | ||||||||||||
| Ock et al., 2016 (33) | Retrosp | 2005–2013 | Def | A. ICT then CRT | 144 | 52.4 | Varied | 60 | 77% | – | A>B, P=0.017 (matched) | 65% (PFS) | – | P=0.06 | |||||
| B. CRT alone | 80 | Varied | 60 | 57% | – | 54% (PFS) | – | ||||||||||||
| Merlano et al., Ongoing (34) | Prosp PIII | Ongoing | Def | A. ICT then CRT | – | – | TPF- > Cetux | 70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
| B. CRT alone | – | – | HDC | 70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||
| Yang et al., 2019 (35) | Prosp PIII, NPC | 2008–2015 | Def | A. ICT then CRT | 238 | 82.6 | PF- > HDC | – | 89% | 81% | A>B, P=0.04 | 81% | 73% | A>B, P=0.007 | |||||
| B. CRT alone | 238 | HDC | – | 88% | 77% | 74% | 63% | ||||||||||||
| Zhang et al., 2019 (36) | Prosp PIII, NPC | 2013–2016 | Def | A. ICT then CRT | 242 | 42.7 | Gem-Cis –> HDC | 70 | 95% | – | A>B, HR 0.43 | 85% | – | A>B, P=0.001 | |||||
| B. CRT alone | 238 | HDC | 70 | 90% | – | 77% | – | ||||||||||||
Chemo, chemotherapy; RT, radiotherapy; CRT, chemoradiation; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease–free survival; PFS, progression–free survival; ICT, induction chemotherapy; Incl pd, inclusion period; Tx, treatment; Pts, patients; f/u, follow–up; 1’, primary; Diff, difference; Surg, surgery; Pros, prospective; PIII, phase III; Retrosp, retrospective; LC, laryngeal cancer; PSC, pyriform sinus cancer; NPC, nasopharyngeal cancer; TPF, docetaxel-Platinum-5-Fluorouracil (Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin 75–100 mg/m2 on day 1, 5-fluorouracil 750–1,000 mg/m2 on days 1–4 as continuous infusion; 3–4 cycles on 21–day interval); PF, Platinum-5-Fluorouracil (Cisplatin 80–100 mg/m2 given as rapid intravenous infusion followed by 5-fluorouracil 800–1,000 mg/m2/day continuous 24-hour infusion for 5 days; 2–4 cycles on 21-day interval); Def, definitive; Cis-5FU, Cisplatin-5-Fluorouracil (Cisplatin 75–100 mg/m2 bolus then 5–fluorouracil 1 g continuous infusion for 2–3 cycles); HDC, high dose cisplatin (80–100 mg/m2 3–weekly ×2–3 cycles); Doce, Docetaxel (20 mg/m2 weekly for 4 cycles); Carbo, Carboplatin (weekly); DFHX, Docetaxel-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea; Cetux, Cetuximab (initial dose 400 mg/m2 during the week before radiotherapy followed by maximum of 7 doses of 250 mg/m2 during radiotherapy; Pt, Platinum; Gem-Cis, Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (Gemcitabine 1 g/m2 on days 1 and 8, cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 22, 43).