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. 2021 May;9(10):889. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-2227

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2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Neutrophils promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBC cells in vitro. (A) Cell proliferation measured by CCK8 assay. NCM significantly promoted GBC proliferation. (B) Wound-healing migration assays showed that there was a significant increase in the wound closure rate of GBC cells cocultured with NCM compared with the controls. (C) In vitro invasive assays showed that the number of invasive GBC cells was higher when cells were cultured with NCM than with the control. Cells were fixed and stained with crystal violet. Scale bar =100 µm. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. GBC, gallbladder cancer; NCM, neutrophil-conditioned medium.