Table 1.
Characteristics of the MRI study population (n = 2653)
| PPI non-user | PPI user | |
|---|---|---|
| (n = 2483) | (n = 170) | |
| SHIP-2 | 725 | 63 |
| SHIP-Trend | 1758 | 107 |
| GMV (ml) | 610 (568, 655) | 585 (549, 618) |
| WMV (ml) | 537 (492, 589) | 522 (483, 567) |
| TBV (ml) | 1113 (1035, 1197) | 1066 (1002, 1148) |
| HV (ml) | 7.96 (7.36, 8.54) | 7.62 (7.19, 8.17) |
| Left HV (ml) | 3.94 (3.63, 4.23) | 3.77 (3.52, 4.04) |
| Right HV (ml) | 4.03 (3.72, 4.34) | 3.86 (3.61, 4.16) |
| ICV (ml) | 1576 (1473, 1696) | 1530 (1437, 1644) |
| Brain age (years) | 52.0 (43.2, 60.0) | 58.4 (50.5, 66.7) |
| Age (years) | 51.0 (41.0, 62.0) | 60.0 (50.0, 68.0) |
| Women (n,%) | 1291 (52.0) | 104 (61.2) |
| Brain lesion or vascular risk factor (n,%) | 652 (26.3) | 54 (31.8) |
| School education (n,%) | ||
| < 10 years | 368 (14.8) | 45 (26.5) |
| 10 years | 1388 (55.9) | 89 (52.4) |
| > 10 years | 727 (29.3) | 36 (21.2) |
| Income (€) | 1255 (895, 1717) | 1096 (778, 1450) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 (24.3, 30.2) | 29.5 (26.8, 32.5) |
| Smoking (n,%) | ||
| Never | 976 (39.3) | 72 (42.4) |
| Ex-smoker | 951 (38.3) | 66 (38.8) |
| Current | 556 (22.4) | 32 (18.8) |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 4.0 (1.0, 11.0) | 4.0 (0.9, 9.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.0 (115.0, 138.5) | 130.0 (119.0, 139.0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.5 (71.0, 84.0) | 78.0 (73.5, 83.9) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.3 (2.7, 4.0) | 3.6 (3.0, 4.3) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) |
| Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol | 3.4 (2.8, 4.1) | 3.6 (3.1, 4.3) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.4) |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.2 (4.9, 5.6) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.8) |
| Anticholinergics (n,%) | 46 (1.9) | 13 (7.7) |
| Antidepressants (n,%) | 99 (4.0) | 14 (8.2) |
| Antidiabetic drugs (n,%) | 94 (3.8) | 13 (7.7) |
| Antihypertensive drugs (n,%) | 765 (30.8) | 110 (64.7) |
| Anti-inflammatory drugs (n,%) | 247 (10.0) | 37 (21.8) |
| Statins (n,%) | 230 (9.3) | 36 (21.2) |
Data are medians (25th, 75th percentile) or n (percentages); PPI use was defined as only “regular use”
GMV, brain gray matter volume; WMV, brain white matter volume; TBV, total brain volume; HV, hippocampal volume; ICV, intracranial volume; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval