Table 2.

Linear regression coefficients, SEs, and 95% CIs for the associations of PPI intake with brain volumes and brain age, respectively (n = 2653)

	Coefficient	SE	95% CI	p
GMV	− 1.59	2.62	(− 6.72, 3.54)	.54
WMV	2.52	3.18	(− 3.71, 8.76)	.43
TBV	0.96	3.77	(− 6.42, 8.34)	.80
HV	− 0.006	0.058	(− 0.120, 0.109)	.92
Left HV	0.009	0.030	(− 0.050, 0.069)	.76
Right HV	− 0.015	0.032	(− 0.078, 0.049)	.65
Brain age	0.67	0.60	(− 0.51, 1.85)	.26

Models are adjusted for age; sex; interaction between age and sex; intracranial volume; existence of brain lesion or vascular risk factor; education level; income; smoking; alcohol consumption; total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C); systolic blood pressure; body mass index (BMI); study cohort effect; and use of anticholinergic drugs, antidepressants, antidiabetic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and statins. Inverse probability weighting was used to correct for non-random MRI examination

GMV, brain gray matter volume (ml); WMV, brain white matter volume (ml); TBV, total brain volume (ml); HV, hippocampal volume (ml); SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval