Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics among 320 Participants Randomized to Yoga, Physical Therapy and Back Pain Education
| Yoga (n=127) |
Physical Therapy (n=129) |
Education (n=64) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.7 (10.2) | 46.0 (11.4) | 44.3 (10.3) |
| Female, n (%) | 72 (56.7) | 90 (69.8) | 42 (65.6) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 20 (15.7) | 17 (13.2) | 6 (9.4) |
| No | 107 (84.3) | 112 (86.8) | 58 (90.6) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| American Indian | 0 (0) | 1 (.8) | 1 (1.5) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 2 (1.6) | 4 (3.1) | 3 (4.7) |
| Black | 70 (55.1) | 62 (48.1) | 40 (62.5) |
| White | 30 (23.6) | 17 (13.2) | 11 (17.2) |
| Other/Multiple | 23 (18.1) | 30 (23.2) | 9 (14.1) |
| Missing | 2 (1.6) | 15 (11.6) | 0 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.8 (6.7) | 32.7 (7.4) | 32.0 (8.1) |
| Annual Income ≤ $30,000, n (%) | 76 (59.8) | 71 (55.0) | 41 (64.1) |
| Earned College Degree or Higher | 38 (29.9) | 30 (23.3) | 25 (39.1) |
| RMDQ score, mean (SD) | 13.9 (5.6) | 15.6 (5.1) | 15.0 (5.0) |
| Back pain intensity, mean (SD) | 7.1 (1.5) | 7.2 (1.5) | 7.0 (1.4) |
| PHQ-8, mean (SD)* | 7.7 (6.0) | 8.5 (6.0) | 8.23(5.7) |
| PHQ 0–4 | 49 (38.6) | 39 (30.2) | 20 (31.2) |
| PHQ 5–9 | 36 (28.4) | 41 (31.8) | 22 (34.4) |
| PHQ 10–14 | 21 (16.5) | 25 (19.4) | 12 (18.8) |
| PHQ 15–19 | 14 (11.0) | 17 (13.2) | 6 (9.4) |
| PHQ ≥20 | 7 (5.5) | 7 (5.4) | 4 (6.2) |
| GAD-7, mean (SD)* | 6.9 (6.0) | 7.2 (5.9) | 7.3 (5.7) |
| GAD 0–4 | 61 (48.1) | 59 (45.7) | 23 (35.9) |
| GAD 5–9 | 29 (22.8) | 30 (23.3) | 21 (32.8) |
| GAD 10–14 | 15 (11.8) | 19 (14.7) | 11 (17.2) |
| GAD ≥15 | 22 (17.3) | 21 (16.3) | 9 (14.1) |
BMI, body mass index; RMDQ, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale; SD, standard deviation
*
Subgroups are n (%)