Table 4.
Moderation of Changes in Affect and Substance Use in Daily Life
| Negative affect Estimate (SE) |
Positive affect Estimate (SE) |
Alcohol use Estimate (SE) |
Marijuana use Estimate (SE) |
Nicotine use Estimate (SE) |
Prescription misuse Estimate (SE) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effects | ||||||
| Linear change | 2.86 (0.17)** | −0.17 (0.13) | 1.08 (0.06)** | 0.62 (0.09)** | −0.05 (0.08) | −0.07 (0.22) |
| Change X Loneliness | 0.07 (0.02)** | 0.03 (0.02) | −0.003 (0.01) | −0.003 (0.006) | −0.02 (0.01)** | −0.01 (0.02) |
| Change X Financial strain | 0.05 (0.10) | 0.07 (0.07) | −0.06 (0.03) | 0.10 (0.03)** | 0.15 (0.04)** | 0.03 (0.12) |
| Change X Health anxiety | 0.09 (0.03)** | 0.001 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.009)* | 0.005 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.03) |
| Change X Health neg. cons. | 0.19 (0.09)* | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.02)* | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.08 (0.07) |
| Change X Alcohol problems | 0.22 (0.14) | −0.07 (.10) | 0.07 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.13 (0.14) |
| Change X Marijuana craving | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.003 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01)** | 0.006 (0.008) | 0.02 (0.03) |
| Model fit vs. direct model | ||||||
| Δ deviance parametersa | 199.1** | 50.4** | 8.0 | 56.0** | 13.1 | 1.7 |
Note. Results from population-average models with unstandardized coefficients and robust standard errors are presented. Only results for the linear change effect and the change X moderator interactions are presented. The linear change parameter tests the difference in adjustment indicators from the baseline assessment to the COVID-19 assessment, with a positive coefficient indicating an increase when assessed during COVID-19, as compared to baseline. Models included main effects of time elapsed, risk group, and the moderator variables as intercept covariates. Bolded results indicate fixed effects that remained significant after FDR correction for multiple tests.
df = 12 for χ2 test.
p < .05.
p ≤ .01.