TABLE 1.
Metabolic parameters in offspring mice at 16 weeks of age
| N–N–N | H–N–N | N–H–N | H–H–N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n) | 10 | 8 | 11 | 9 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 1.34 ± 0.09* | 1.34 ± 0.11* | 1.44 ± 0.09* |
| TC (mmol/L) | 2.02 ± 0.05 | 2.11 ± 0.04 | 2.05 ± 0.05 | 2.08 ± 0.05 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.4 ± 0.07* | 0.31 ± 0.06* | 0.38 ± 0.08* |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.34 | 1.66 ± 0.04 | 1.63 ± 0.03 | 1.64 ± 0.06 |
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.78 ± 0.06 | 1.09 ± 0.04* | 0.98 ± 0.07* | 1.08 ± 0.05* |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 3.89 ± 0.13 | 5.77 ± 0.24* | 6.7 ± 0.51* | 6.32 ± 0.28* |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 11.55 ± 1.03 | 17.89 ± 1.02* | 14.04 ± 1.64 # | 18.03 ± 0.81 * , $ |
| Female (n) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.66 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.08* | 0.9 ± 0.03* | 1.04 ± 0.07* |
| TC (mmol/L) | 1.96 ± 0.02 | 1.92 ± 0.05 | 1.94 ± 0.08 | 2.07 ± 0.04 # |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01* | 0.20 ± 0.01* | 0.26 ± 0.02 * , # , $ |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.46 ± 0.03 | 1.23 ± 0.05* | 1.28 ± 0.07* | 1.16 ± 0.02* |
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.67 ± 0.05 | 1.01 ± 0.05* | 0.79 ± 0.12* | 1.19 ± 0.08* |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.87 ± 0.24 | 6.49 ± 0.24* | 6.38 ± 0.21* | 6.48 ± 0.17* |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 14.71 ± 1.14 | 23.58 ± 1.32* | 23.98 ± 3.17* | 23.94 ± 2.07* |
All parameters were measured at 16 weeks of age. All results are expressed as the mean ± SEM Significance was determined by one‐way ANOVA, followed by LSD post hoc test.
Abbreviations: HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; NEFA, non‐esterified fatty acids; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol.
*
P < .05.
#
P < .05.
$
P < .05.