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The schematic diagram for the HIF‐1α promoting fibroblasts activation to drive the growth of LC. We propose a schematic diagram for the HIF‐1α promoting fibroblast activation to drive the growth of LC. First, the tumour CM, TGF‐β1 and hypoxia up‐regulate the HIF‐1α expression in fibroblasts, inducing the conversion of fibroblasts into CAFs. Second, the fibroblasts with high HIF‐1α expression secrete CCL5 by activating NF‐kB signaling pathway, thus promoting the tumour growth of LC
