Table 3.
Risk-of-Bias assessment of included studies.
| Study | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babkoff 2002 | U | U | H | L | H | L |
| Bjorvatn 2007 | U | U | U | U | H | L |
| Bjorvatn 2020 | U | L | L | U | H | L |
| Boivin 2012 | U | U | U | U | L | H |
| Comtet 2019 | L | U | U | U | L | L |
| Dawson 1991 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Dawson 1995 | U | U | L | U | L | L |
| Griepentrog 2018 | H | U | U | U | L | L |
| Horowitz 2001 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Karchani 2011 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Kretschmer 2013 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Lee 2006 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Lee 2020 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Lowden 2004 | U | U | H | U | L | L |
| Nagashima 2017 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Sadeghniiat-Haghighi 2011 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
| Smith 2009 | U | U | U | L | L | L |
| Sunde 2020 | U | U | U | U | H | L |
| Tanaka 2011 | L | L | H | U | L | L |
| Thorne 2010 | U | U | H | U | H | L |
| Yoon 2002 | U | U | U | U | L | L |
L low risk, H high risk, U unclear risk.