Table 4.
Moderators used in subgroup and metaregression analyses.
| Study | Age (mean or range) | Female (n) | Sample size (n) | Shift work | Simulated shift | Research design | Data handling | Timing of treatment | Treatment day | Measure period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babkoff 2002 | 24.6 | 5 | 12 | Night | Simulated | RCT | PP or unknown | Night time | Same day | Night time |
| Bjorvatn 2007 | 42 | 1 | 17 | Rotating | No | Crossover | PP or unknown | Day or mixed | Different day | Night time |
| Bjorvatn 2020 | 35.4 | 28 | 35 | Night | No | Crossover | PP or unknown | Night time | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Boivin 2012 | 30.06 | 8 | 17 | Rotating | No | RCT | ITT | Day or mixed | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Comtet 2019 | 24.78 | 5 | 18 | Night | Simulated | Crossover | PP or unknown | Day or mixed | Same day | Day or mixed |
| Dawson 1991 | 21.2 | 6 | 13 | Night | Simulated | RCT | ITT | Night time | Different day | Night time |
| Dawson 1995 | 23.6 | NA | 16 | Night | Simulated | RCT | ITT | Night time | Different day | Night time |
| Griepentrog 2018 | 26–32 | 22 | 43 | Night | No | Crossover | ITT | Day or mixed | Same day | Night time |
| Horowitz 2001 | 26.99 | 27 | 54 | Rotating | Simulated | RCT | PP or unknown | Day or mixed | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Karchani 2011 | 30.415 | 0 | 90 | Rotating | No | Crossover | ITT | Night time | Same day | Night time |
| Kretschmer 2013 | 58.5 | 50 | 32 | Night | Simulated | RCT | ITT | Night time | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Lee 2006 | 24.5 | 12 | 23 | Night | Simulated | RCT | PP or unknown | Night time | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Lee 2020 | 20.65 | 0 | 24 | Night | Simulated | Crossover | PP or unknown | Day or mixed | Same day | Night time |
| Lowden 2004 | 36.2 | 1 | 18 | Rotating | No | Crossover | ITT | Day or mixed | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Nagashima 2017 | 24.8 | 0 | 12 | Night | Simulated | Crossover | PP or unknown | Day or mixed | Same day | Night time |
| Sadeghniiat-Haghighi 2011 | 33 | 0 | 94 | Rotating | No | Crossover | PP or unknown | Night time | Same day | Night time |
| Smith 2009 | 25.79 | 11 | 19 | Night | Simulated | RCT | ITT | Night time | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Sunde 2020 | 19–30 | 24 | 36 | Night | Simulated | Crossover | PP or unknown | Night time | Different day | Night time |
| Tanaka 2011 | 29.7 | 61 | 61 | Rotating | No | Crossover | ITT | Day or mixed | Different day | Day or mixed |
| Thorne 2010 | 46.5 | 0 | 10 | Night | No | Crossover | PP or unknown | Day or mixed | Different day | Night time |
| Yoon 2002 | 21–24 | 12 | 12 | Night | No | Crossover | ITT | Day or mixed | Different day | Night time |
| Study | Control intervention | Treatment light | Light intensity of EG (lux) | Treatment duration (daily hour) | Treatment duration (total hour) | Daily treatment session (n) | Lux-hours (per 1000) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babkoff 2002 | Dim light | Mixed | 3000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3.00 | |||
| Bjorvatn 2007 | No | Single | 10,000 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | 40.00 | |||
| Bjorvatn 2020 | Dim Red light | Single | 10,000 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 15.00 | |||
| Boivin 2012 | No | Single | NA | 6 | 42 | 1 | NA | |||
| Comtet 2019 | Dim light | Single | 10,000 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 5.00 | |||
| Dawson 1991 | Dim light | Single | 6175 | 8 | 24 | 1 | 148.20 | |||
| Dawson 1995 | Dim light | Single | 5500 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 66.00 | |||
| Griepentrog 2018 | Standard light | Mixed | 1750 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 17.50 | |||
| Horowitz 2001 | Room light | Single | 2500 | 6 | 18 | 1 | 45.00 | |||
| Karchani 2011 | Room light | Single | 2750 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2.75 | |||
| Kretschmer 2013 | Room light | Mixed | 3300 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 19.80 | |||
| Lee 2006 | Dim light | Single | 3500 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | 8.75 | |||
| Lee 2020 | Dim light | Single | 430 | 4.17 | 4.17 | 5 | 1.79 | |||
| Lowden 2004 | Room light | Single | 2500 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Nagashima 2017 | Dim light | Single | 3000 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 18.00 | |||
| Sadeghniiat-Haghighi 2011 | Room light | Single | 2500 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 2 | 1.68 | |||
| Smith 2009 | Room light | Mixed | 4100 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 32.80 | |||
| Sunde 2020 | Standard light | Single | 900 | 6 | 18 | 1 | 16.20 | |||
| Tanaka 2011 | No | Single | 7135 | 0.17 | 5 | 1 | 35.68 | |||
| Thorne 2010 | No | Single | 3000 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 12.00 | |||
| Yoon 2002 | Room light | Mixed | 15,000 | 5 | 15 | 1 | 225.00 |
RCT randomized controlled trial, Crossover randomized crossover trial, ITT intention-to-treat, PP per protocol.