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. 2021 Jun 7;12:3402. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23644-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Neovessels connecting parent and growth factor source channels after 3 weeks of culture in the presence of chemokine gradients. Flow through neovessels visualized by the perfusion with 1 μm diameter fluorescent beads (scale bar, 100 μm). b Basement membrane deposition, as visualized by immunofluorescence staining for collagen IV, pan-laminin, laminin 411, and laminin 511 (red), in combination with correct apical-basal polarity, as demonstrated by the expression of the apical marker podocalyxin (PODXL, yellow). Nuclei counterstained in magenta. (scale bar, 20 μm). c Comparison of in vitro and native vessels by electron microscopy reveals strikingly similar morphologies with regards to junctional integrity (yellow triangle), endogenous ECM deposition (red arrow), and cell-flattening (scale bar, 10 μm, 1 μm, 500 nm). All samples contained 12 mM immobilized CGRGDS and 25.2 mM high degradability (HD) crosslinker.