Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics in the non-multiply recurrent Clostridioides difficile (non-mrCDI) vs. mrCDI group
| Characteristic, % | Non-mrCDI (N=124,068) |
mrCDI (N=3,729) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | |||
| < 10 | 1.5 | 0.5 | <.0001 |
| 10-19 | 2.4 | 1.6 | <.0001 |
| 20-29 | 4.0 | 2.9 | <.0001 |
| 30-39 | 7.0 | 5.0 | <.0001 |
| 40-49 | 10.3 | 7.2 | <.0001 |
| 50-59 | 15.2 | 13.4 | <.0001 |
| 60-69 | 18.2 | 18.3 | <.0001 |
| 70-79 | 23.6 | 27.3 | 0.0007 |
| 80+ | 17.6 | 23.9 | |
| Female | 61.2 | 65.0 | <.0001 |
| Census level Division based on US State | |||
| EAST NORTH CENTRAL | 15.2 | 18.2 | 0.8686 |
| EAST SOUTH CENTRAL | 3.9 | 2.7 | <.0001 |
| MIDDLE ATLANTIC | 6.5 | 6.6 | 0.042 |
| MOUNTAIN | 9.7 | 11.3 | 0.7914 |
| NEW ENGLAND | 4.2 | 5.8 | 0.0737 |
| PACIFIC | 10.7 | 12.7 | |
| SOUTH ATLANTIC | 25.7 | 20.2 | <.0001 |
| WEST NORTH CENTRAL | 12.2 | 15.6 | 0.2474 |
| WEST SOUTH CENTRAL | 11.9 | 7.1 | <.0001 |
| Diagnosis location | |||
| Inpatient | 40.7 | 36.7 | |
| Outpatient | 56.4 | 58.1 | 0.0001 |
| Nursing home | 2.9 | 5.2 | <.0001 |
| First antibiotic used to treat CDI | |||
| Fidaxomicin | 0.3 | 1.0 | <.0001 |
| Metronidazole | 92.1 | 73.0 | |
| Vancomycin | 7.6 | 26.0 | <.0001 |
| Antibiotic use within 90 days prior to CDI diagnosis | 54.1 | 63.6 | <.0001 |
| Antibiotic use within 90 days after to CDI diagnosis | 41.7 | 39.9 | 0.029 |
| PPI use within 90 days prior to CDI diagnosis | 21.0 | 21.4 | 0.5423 |
| PPI use within 90 days after to CDI diagnosis | 23.3 | 24.2 | 0.2096 |
| Corticosteroid use within 90 days prior to CDI diagnosis | 14.6 | 16.9 | 0.0001 |
| Corticosteroid use within 90 days after to CDI diagnosis | 13.7 | 14.3 | 0.2409 |
| Antiplatelet Rx during baseline | 8.3 | 7.1 | 0.0079 |
| CABG/PCI during baseline | 4.1 | 3.7 | 0.1332 |
| Charlson score | |||
| 0 | 23.1 | 19.1 | |
| 1 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 0.007 |
| 2+ | 72.1 | 75.9 | <.0001 |
| Calendar Year (per 1-year increase) | |||
| 2001 | 1.1 | 1.0 | <.0001 |
| 2002 | 2.2 | 1.3 | |
| 2003 | 2.4 | 1.5 | |
| 2004 | 2.6 | 2.0 | |
| 2005 | 3.2 | 2.3 | |
| 2006 | 3.9 | 4.2 | |
| 2007 | 4.3 | 4.6 | |
| 2008 | 5.1 | 5.7 | |
| 2009 | 5.3 | 5.3 | |
| 2010 | 5.7 | 5.3 | |
| 2011 | 6.3 | 5.9 | |
| 2012 | 6.9 | 7.2 | |
| 2013 | 7.1 | 6.6 | |
| 2014 | 6.7 | 5.9 | |
| 2015 | 7.6 | 7.6 | |
| 2016 | 8.3 | 8.2 | |
| 2017 | 9.7 | 11.4 | |
| 2018 | 10.4 | 12.3 | |
| 2019 | 1.1 | 1.8 | |
| Prevalent diseases ǁ | |||
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 12.6 | 14.6 | 0.0002 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 11.4 | 11.4 | 0.8994 |
| Psoriasis | 43.6 | 46.4 | 0.0009 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36.8 | 35.6 | 0.1214 |
| Hypertension | 75.1 | 79.8 | <.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 10.7 | 12.0 | 0.0132 |
| Stroke | 18.0 | 19.9 | 0.0038 |
| Inflammatory bowel syndrome | 30.0 | 30.6 | 0.4241 |
| CVD during baseline | 30.8 | 27.1 | <.0001 |
| Baseline healthcare utilization, mean | |||
| # Inpatient visits during baseline | 2.0 | 1.6 | <.0001 |
| # Inpatient visits during baseline collapsed | 1.3 | 1.1 | <.0001 |
| # Outpatient visits during baseline | 28.6 | 25.8 | <.0001 |
| # Ambulatory care visits during baseline | 24.2 | 21.8 | <.0001 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting, CABG, Clostridium difficile, CDI, confidence interval, CI, multiply recurrent Clostridium difficile, cardiovascular disease, CVD, mrCDI, non-multiply recurrent Clostridium difficile, non-mrCDI, odds ratio, OR, percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, proton pump inhibitors, PPI
ǁ
those persons were excluded from each corresponding outcome model