Table 2.

Results for measurement of different markers and panels in the diagnosis of HCC in training, validation and test cohort.

	Training cohort			Validation cohort			Test cohort
	AUC (95% CI)	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC (95% CI)	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC (95% CI)	Sensitivity	Specificity
HCC vs. non-HCC diseases
AFP RNAscope	0.802 (0.779–0.825)	0.604	1.000	0.829 (0.799–0.860)	0.665	0.994	0.725 (0.656–0.794)	0.450	1.000
AFP IHC	0.678 (0.650–0.707)	0.357	1.000	0.666 (0.624–0.708)	0.338	0.994	0.634 (0.560–0.707)	0.280	0.987
GPC3 IHC	0.872 (0.852–0.892)	0.800	0.944	0.795 (0.759–0.831)	0.656	0.933	0.778 (0.716–0.841)	0.660	0.897
Panel 1	0.903 (0.885–0.922)	0.863	0.944	0.881 (0.851–0.911)	0.834	0.963	0.868 (0.818–0.919)	0.840	0.897
HCC vs. liver benign diseases
AFP RNAscope	0.802 (0.777–0.827)	0.604	1.000	0.822 (0.778–0.865)	0.665	0.979	0.725 (0.649–0.801)	0.450	1.000
AFP IHC	0.678 (0.647–0.710)	0.357	1.000	0.658 (0.593–0.723)	0.338	0.979	0.624 (0.539–0.709)	0.280	0.968
GPC3 IHC	0.851 (0.825–0.877)	0.800	0.901	0.732 (0.662–0.803)	0.656	0.809	0.798 (0.729–0.867)	0.660	0.935
Panel 1	0.905 (0.613–0.923)	0.863	0.961	0.811 (0.740–0.881)	0.834	0.787	0.888 (0.832–0.943)	0.840	0.935
HCC vs. non-hepatocyte tumours
AFP RNAscope	0.803 (0.778–0.827)	0.604	1.000	0.832 (0.801–0.863)	0.665	1.000	0.725 (0.653–0.797)	0.450	1.000
AFP IHC	0.679 (0.611–0.746)	0.357	1.000	0.669 (0.623–0.714)	0.338	1.000	0.640 (0.562–0.718)	0.280	1.000
GPC3 IHC	0.897 (0.879–0.915)	0.800	0.993	0.828 (0.796–0.860)	0.656	1.000	0.765 (0.697–0.834)	0.660	0.871
HepPar-1 IHC	0.901 (0.882–0.921)	0.841	0.961	0.851 (0.820–0.883)	0.727	0.975	0.889 (0.838–0.940)	0.810	0.968
Arg-1 IHC	0.791 (0.765–0.817)	0.612	0.971	0.843 (0.812–0.874)	0.694	0.992	0.805 (0.741–0.869)	0.610	1.000
Panel 2	0.971 (0.957–0.985)	0.984	0.958	0.977 (0.960–0.995)	0.979	0.975	0.915 (0.870–0.961)	0.960	0.871

AUC area under curve, 95% CI 95% confident interval, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, IHC immunohistochemistry.