Table 3.
Experimental task design (theme 2), 3D motion capture data collection (theme 3) and 3D reduction and analysis procedures (theme 4)
| Variable | Kerr et al. [25] | Tierney et al. [22] | Tierney and Simms [23] | Seminati et al. [26] | Kawasaki et al. [28] | Tanabe et al. [27] | Wundersitz et al. [24] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental task | Task | Front-on tackle | Front-on tackle | Front-on tackle | Tackle bag | Tackle-bag |
Side-on tackle Front-on tackle |
Front-on tackle, tackle bag, bump pad |
| Intensity | Training | — | — | Match play | Match play | Match play | Match play | |
| Tackle to ground | Yes | — | — | No | — | — | Yes | |
| Approach distance | — | 2.5 m | 2.5 m | 3 steps | — | 10 m | 5 m, 6 m, 10 m | |
| Shoulder side engagement | Dominant (unknown) | — | — | Dominant (right) | Dominant (right) | Dominant (right) | ||
| Surface | 6 cm polyethylene, polyethylene foam | — | — | — | — | — | Outdoor rugby field | |
| Approach speed | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Trials | Phase 1: 5 trials per 10 participants; phase 2: 3 trials pre- and post-intervention per 20 participants | 5 trials per 4 participants | 5 trials per 4 participants | Up to 20 trials per 15 participants | 66 successful trials amongst 13 participants | 65 successful trials amongst 15 participants | 10 bump pad trials (n=250), 10 tackle bag trials (n=250) and 5 front-on tackle trials (n=125) per 25 participants | |
| Rest intervals | Phase 1: 2-min; phase 2: unknown | — | — | >1-minute | — | — |
1-min trials 5-min between tasks |
|
| Data collection | Motion capture system | 12-camera MX3 Pro, Vicon | 10-camera Bonita-B10, Vicon and 3-camera Bonita 720C, Vicon | 10-camera Bonita-B10, Vicon and 3-camera Bonita 720C, Vicon | 16 cameras Oqus, Qualysis | 20-camera MX, Vicon | 20-camera MX, Vicon | 12-cameras Raptor E, Motion Analysis Corp |
| Sample rate | — | 200 Hz, 67 Hz | 200 Hz, 67 Hz | 250 Hz | 250 Hz | 250 Hz | 500 Hz | |
| Data collection volume | 5 m × 5 m | — | — | — | 5 x 10 m | 10 x 10 m | — | |
| Markers | 40 (body suit) | 43 (plug-in-gait) | 43 (plug-in-gait) | 64 (custom) | 38 (custom) | 38 (custom) | 1 on wearable sensor | |
| Data reduction and Analysis | Filtering | None, based on previously established technique | Zero-lag, fourth-order fc=15 Hz (*110 Hz) | Zero-lag, fourth-order fc=15 Hz (*110 Hz) | Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=16 Hz | Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=6 Hz | Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=6 Hz | Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=10Hz |
| Joint coordinate system | No | Yes (plug-in-gait) | Yes (plug-in-gait) | No | Yes (ISB) | Yes (ISB) | — | |
| 3D rotations defined | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes, “typical” Euler sequence | Yes, “typical” Euler sequence | — | |
| Joint angle defined | Yes, 2D angle | — | — | — | Yes | Yes | — | |
| Head linear and angular kinematics defined | Yes | Yes | Yes | — | — | — | — | |
| Temporal event definition | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |