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. 2021 Jun 7;12:3351. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23744-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic (top) and circuit diagram (middle) of a fabricated (left) integrated wearable interface. Scale bar, 1 cm. C_m (10 µF), R₁/R₂/R₃/R₄ (20/1/100/1 kΩ), and an Op Amp (LM321) were used in the circuit. b Simulated evolution in the membrane potential (middle panel) and current (bottom panel) from the artificial neuron when receiving emulated normal (e.g., 0.3 Hz) respiratory sensing signal (top panel). c Simulated evolution in the membrane potential (middle panel) and current (bottom panel) from the artificial neuron when receiving emulated abnormal (e.g., 1 Hz) respiratory sensing signal (top panel). d Measured membrane potential (top panel) and current (bottom panel) from the artificial neuron with the sensor exposed to normal breathing. (Inset) The “stars” indicate discharging in membrane potential during breathing intervals. e Measured membrane potential (top panel) and current (bottom panel) from the artificial neuron with the sensor exposed to abnormal breathing. (Inset) The lighting of the LED (0805URC) triggered by neuronal firing.