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. 2021 May 25;11:690800. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690800

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Copyright © 2021 Ge, Yao, Li, Li and Han

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Signaling pathways associated with lncRNAs regulation of EMT. (A) The positive feedback loop and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. First, DLGAP1-AS1 (47) promoted EMT through a positive feedback loop. Mechanistically, 1) DLGAP1-AS1 sponged and sequestered miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p to upregulate IL-6. IL-6 stimulated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which conversely promoted DLGAP1-AS1. 2) DLGAP1-AS1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by upregulating the downstream CDK8 and LRP6 of miR-26a/b-5p. Second, HCCL5 (60) accelerated EMT by upregulating the expression of Snail, Slug, ZEB1, and Twist1. In turn, HCCL5 was transcriptionally driven by ZEB1. Third, lncRNA-NEF (61) was transcriptionally activated by FOXA2 and, in turn, activated its neighboring gene FOXA2. LncRNA-NEF interacted with β-catenin to increase the binding of GSK3β with β-catenin, leading to the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Fourth, lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 (62) induced by EGR1 promoted the EMT process by binding with EZH2 to epigenetically silence the DKK1 gene and activating the Wnt/β-catenin axis. Fifth, CRNDE-promoted Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity was inhibited by CRNDE (63) knockdown. Unfortunately, the paper did not clarify how CRNDE reduces the level of signaling pathway-related proteins. (B) The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. First, STAT3-induced lncRNA CASC11 (64) promotes EMT by binding with the enhancer of EZH2 to epigenetically silence PTEN and activate the PI3K/AKT axis. Second, lncRNA PTTG3P (65) promotes EMT by upregulating PTTG1 and activating the PI3K/AKT axis. Third, TMPO-AS1 (42) upregulated the oncogene FOXK1 by sponging miR-329-3p to activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. (C) The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and MEK/ERK signaling pathway. First, HOST2 (66) enhanced EMT by upregulating the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Second, FEZF1-AS1 (67) increased EMT via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Third, HOXA-AS3 (68) upregulated BMP1 by sponging miR-29c, thus activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway to enhance EMT. Fourth, the DRHC/MYBBP1A/C-Myb (69) complex with C-Myb inhibited the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and finally inhibited EMT. The corresponding references were also indicated under the lncRNA names on the figure.