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. 2021 May 25;11:684021. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684021

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic of the HOX clusters and the HOXC10 gene, mRNA, and protein. (A) In mammals, 39 members exist in HOX genes and are distributed in four clusters. The HOX genes are distributed adjacent to each other in the clusters, and each cluster contains 9-11 members. (B) The HOXC10 gene consists of an intron and two exons. HOXC10 transcription is upregulated by MLL3/4 by histone methylation (H3K4me3) (5). HOXC10 transcription is downregulated by DNMTs via DNA methylation (6) or by polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) via histone methylation (H3K27me3) (7, 8). (C) lncRNA HOXC-AS3, a natural antisense transcript from the first exon of the HOXC10 gene, can upregulate HOXC10 gene expression by interacting with exon 1 of HOXC10 (9). Additionally, miRNAs can post-transcriptionally suppress HOXC10 expression by base pairing with the 3’-UTR of HOXC10 mRNA (10–12). (D) HOXC10 is a conserved of transcription factor that promotes target genes expression by interacting with target genes through the DNA binding domains (13).