Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with positive and negative myocardial SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR compared to controls.
| COVID‐19 patients | Controls (n = 10) | Significance between RT‐PCR positive, negative, and controls (P value) | Significance between COVID‐19 patients and controls (P value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial RT‐PCR positive (n = 14) | Myocardial RT‐PCR negative (n = 9) | All (n = 23) | ||||
| General characteristics | ||||||
| Sex, male (%) | 13 (93) | 5 (56) | 18 (78) | 8 (80) | 0.11 | 0.65 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 79 (12) | 70 (12) | 76 (13) | 64 (14) | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 27 (26–29) | 30 (27–41) | 27 (26–35) | 23 (22–31) | 0.12 | 0.07 |
| Hospitalisation, median days (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 12 (9–33) | 7 (5–12) | 7 (6–30) | 0.005 | 0.48 |
| ICU admission (%) | 4 (29) | 3 (33) | 7 (30) | 6 (60) | 0.32 | 0.11 |
| ECMO (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (11) | 1 (4) | 1 (10) | 0.32 | 0.52 |
| Mechanical ventilation (%) | 3 (21) | 3 (33) | 6 (26) | 3 (30) | 0.79 | 0.57 |
| Initial presentation | ||||||
| Cough | 10 (71) | 9 (100) | 19 (83) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Dyspnoea | 8 (57) | 3 (33) | 11 (48) | 7 (70) | 0.33 | 0.21 |
| Fever | 6 (43) | 9 (100) | 15 (65) | 2 (20) | 0.001 | 0.02 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 14 (100) | 7 (78) | 21 (91) | 7 (70) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 10 (71) | 4 (44) | 14 (61) | 2 (20) | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| COPD (%) | 2 (14) | 2 (22) | 4 (17) | 1 (10) | 0.85 | 0.52 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 6 (43) | 5 (56) | 11 (48) | 1 (10) | 0.12 | 0.04 |
| Pharmacology | ||||||
| Before admission | ||||||
| RAAS inhibitors (%) | 10 (71) | 2 (22) | 12 (52) | 3 (30) | 0.04 | 0.21 |
| Anticoagulation and/or platelet aggregation inhibition (%) | 9 (64) | 6 (67) | 15 (65) | 2 (20) | 0.10 | 0.04 |
| During hospitalisation | ||||||
| Anticoagulation and/or platelet aggregation inhibition (%) | 14 (100) | 8 (89) | 22 (96) | 5 (50) | 0.02 | 0.004 |
| Hydroxy‐chloroquine (%) | 10 (71) | 4 (44) | 14 (61) | 0 (0) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Tocilizumab (%) | 4 (29) | 1 (11) | 5 (22) | 0 (0) | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Laboratory results (last available before exitus) | ||||||
| CRP, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 199 (113–337) | 166.9 (100–280) | 176 (121–271) | 56 (14–159) | 0.09 | 0.03 |
| Haemoglobin, g/l, median (IQR) | 106 (95–129) | 113 (96–122) | 109 (97–126) | 83 (82–125) | 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Leucocytes (10−9/l), median (IQR) | 10.0 (7.4–16.0) | 8.1 (6.3–13.8) | 8.8 (7.4–12.4) | 9.4 (2.4–15.7) | 0.82 | 0.92 |
| Lymphocytes (10−9/l), median (IQR) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 0.61 (0.4–0.96) | 7.7 (0.8–13.3) | 0.02 | <0.01 |
| Neutrophilic granulocytes (10−9/l), median (IQR) | 7.4 (6.6–10.9) | 6.2 (3.3–7.3) | 6.8 (6.1–10.1) | 54.8 (15.7–82.8) | 0.003 | <0.01 |
| Thrombocytes (10−9/l), median (IQR) | 160 (109–331) | 98 (53–400) | 126 (104–225) | 89 (70–409) | 0.74 | 0.76 |
| INR, median (IQR) | 1.3 (1.2–1.9) | 1.2 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.7) | 1.2 (1.2–1.8) | 0.66 | 0.71 |
| LDH, median (U/l) | 444 (321–1605) | 663 (654–1635) | 628 (321–753) | 434 (269–1175) | 0.53 | 0.34 |
| Creatinine (μg/l), median (IQR) | 291 (120–706) | 70 (47–192) | 133 (84–407) | 177 (59–243) | 0.09 | 0.72 |
Values in bold indicate significant P values at the 0.05 level.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalised ratio; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; SD, standard deviation.