BM-MDSC and Ly6GlowLy6ChiMO-MDSC induction in vitro. (A) Representative flow cytometry data showing the frequency of CD11b+Gr1+BM-MDSCs induced with GM-CSF and IL-6 in vitro. (B) The frequency of BM-MDSCs increased significantly at day 4 with GM-CSF and IL-6 stimulus (n = 4; ***P < 0.001). (C) GM-CSF and IL-6-stimulated ex vivo–induced BM-MDSCs had higher iNos relative expression (n = 4, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). (D) Nitrite levels among the different groups of incubated BM cells shows no significant difference (n = 3, P = 0.64). (E) Ex vivo–induced BM-MDSCs strongly promote nitrite release in allogeneic stimulation compared to naive BM cells (n = 3, ***P < 0.001). (F) Representative flow cytometry data showing the frequency of Ly6GlowLy6Chi MO-MDSCs. (G) The frequency of Ly6GlowLy6ChiMO-MDSCs increased significantly with GM-CSF and IL-6 stimulus (n = 4; **P < 0.01). Data are presented as the means ± SEM. BM-MDSC: bone marrow-derived myeloid-derived suppressor cells, GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor.