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. 2021 May 26:1–9. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721002312

Table 2.

Characteristics for positive COVID-19 cases in Milwaukee and Southeast Wisconsin by mental health disorder

Total (n = 2103) Bipolar disorder (n = 38) Internalizing disorder (n = 478) Externalizing disorder (n = 238) Psychotic disorder (n = 19)
Sex ***
Female 57.5% 68.4% 72.8% 52.5% 36.8%
Male 42.5% 31.6% 27.2% 47.5% 63.2%
Age, mean (s.d.) 48.5 (18.6) 52.3 (15.9) 52.1 (17.9)*** 52.8 (16.5)** 59.4 (14.6)*
Race/ethnicity ** ***
NH White 47.6% 34.2% 51.7% 41.4% 31.6%
NH Black 40.2% 57.9% 40.4% 53.2% 63.2%
Hispanic 9.0% 7.9% 6.5% 5.0% 5.3%
Other 3.1% 0% 1.4% 0.4% 0%
Location ** ***
Milwaukee county 63.1% 73.7% 67.6% 73.1% 84.2%
Waukesha county 13.8% 10.5% 13.0% 8.8% 0.0%
Washington/Ozaukee county 10.0% 7.9% 10.9% 12.2% 5.3%
Racine/Kenosha county 10.6% 5.3% 5.6% 4.2% 5.3%
Other county/out of state 2.4% 2.6% 2.9% 1.7% 5.3%
Primary payor *** *** *** ***
Managed care 46.3% 5.3% 37.9% 25.6% 0.0%
Medicare 26.8% 57.9% 37.2% 40.3% 78.9%
Medicaid 16.7% 31.6% 19.0% 28.2% 21.1%
Self-pay 7.6% 2.6% 3.8% 4.6% 0.0%
Other 2.6% 2.6% 2.1% 1.3% 0.0%
Tobacco use status *** *** *** ***
Non-smoker 65.3% 39.5% 56.7% 21.8% 47.4%
Current smoker 7.5% 26.3% 10.0% 30.3% 36.8%
Former smoker 27.2% 34.2% 33.3% 47.9% 15.8%
BMI, mean (s.d.) 32.3 (8.7) 35.0 (10.8) 33.3 (9.1)** 32.9 (9.6) 32.0 (7.9)
Hospitalization 20.9% 55.3%*** 23.0% 33.2%*** 47.4%**
Mortality 4.8% 13.2%* 6.7%* 7.1% 0%

* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 – statistically significant difference for adults with the mental health disorder compared to those without the mental health disorder. Bolded values indicate statistical significance between groups.