Table 4.

Lessons learned regarding prioritizing pandemic research using mixed methods

1.	Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) played a major role in the current pandemic and should be empowered to do so in future pandemics with sufficient funding.
2.	Funding from benefactors/donors, institution, industry, National Institutes of Health/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and state were important sources for COVID-19 research. However, Clinical and Translational Science Institute funding made the greatest impact on infrastructure.
3.	Developing laboratory services, new diagnostics, biosafety level 2 to 3 laboratories, and biorepositories is essential in the preparedness of a pandemic.
4.	Most institutions can shut down their regular activity and engage their workforce in pandemic research instead.
5.	Flexible staff hiring and overtime are needed to facilitate enrollment into studies. Early engagement of human resources is essential.
6.	Formation of feasibility committees to process high study proposal volume and facilitate the assessment of the feasibility and scientific merit of potential studies.