Table 2. Comparison of different imaging modalities.

Modality	Advantages	Disadvantages
*Not advantageous feature in diagnosis of PFE as they very rarely present with calcification. CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PFE: papillary fibroelastoma; TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram; TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram.
Echo
TTE	Non-invasive	Image quality dependent on acoustic window
	Relatively low cost	Operator dependent
	No exposure to ionizing radiation	2D imaging (unless 3D probe used)
	Broadly available	Limited visualization of extra cardiac structure
	Providing functional assessment
TEE	Higher resolution comparing to TTE	Semi invasive
	Can be performed intra-procedurally	Often requires moderate sedation
CT
	Non-invasive	Requires strict heart rate control
	High spatial and temporal resolution	Exposure to ionizing radiation
	Multiplane imaging	Exposure to iodine contrast
	Enables evaluation of surrounding structures	Poor soft tissue differentiation
	Provides coronary artery anatomy	Lacking functional assessment
	Good visualization of calcified masses*
MRI
	Enables tissue specification	More expensive and less commonly available
	Superior temporal resolution	Common contraindications to MRI
	Multiplane imaging	Cautious use of gadolinium in renal impairment
	Non-invasive	Limitation in spatial resolution
	Functional assessment