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. 2021 May 25;12:693055. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693055

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Copyright © 2021 LeibundGut-Landmann

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Reported examples of TRMs in antifungal immunity. (A) IL-17 producing CD4⁺ TRMs provide immunosurveillance against commensal fungi (e.g. C. albicans) that colonize barrier tissues such as the skin or the oral mucosa to prevent dysbiosis (23, 24). (B) Vaccine-induced immunity protects against fungal pathogens (e.g. C. gattii) via elicitation of IL-17-producing CD4⁺ TRMs (25). Different vaccination strategies for TRM induction in barrier tissues are indicated. (C) Antifungal TRMs can promote inflammation and immunopathology, such as those induced by A. fumigatus sensitization in the airways (26).