Table 2.
Frequencies of spine procedures performed over 18-month follow-up
| Number of Procedures, n (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any | 1 | 2 | 3 or more | |
| Nonsurgical lumbosacral or sacroiliac spine procedures | ||||
| Primary outcome (Aim 1) | ||||
| Any type of nonsurgical procedure* | 28,339 (12) | 15,422 (6) | 7,921 (3) | 4,996 (2) |
| Secondary outcomes (Aim 1) | ||||
| Any ESI | 24,450 (10) | 14,060 (6) | 6,850 (3) | 3,540 (1) |
| Any facet joint injection | 3,905 (2) | 2,842 (1) | 837 (0) | 226 (0) |
| Any facet joint RFA | 1,420 (1) | 1,074 (0) | 290 (0) | 56 (0) |
| Any sacroiliac joint injection | 1,722 (1) | 1,309 (1) | 327 (0) | 86 (0) |
| Surgical procedures involving the lumbar, sacral, or thoracic spine | ||||
| Primary outcome (Aim 2) | ||||
| Any spine surgery† | 7,538 (3) | 4,719 (2) | 2,186 (1) | 633 (0) |
| Secondary outcomes (Aim 2) | ||||
| Fusion‡ | 2,629 (1) | 2,490 (1) | 129 (0) | 10 (0) |
| Decompression | 6,734 (3) | 6,223 (3) | 458 (0) | 53 (0) |
*
Including lumbosacral ESI, facet joint injection (medial branch blocks or intra-articular injections), or facet joint RFA; or sacroiliac joint injection (the occurrence of any one of these types of procedures).
†
Any spine surgery includes decompression surgery, spinal fusion or proxies for spine fusion, or other surgeries involving the lumbar, sacral, or thoracic spine (the occurrence of any one of these types of surgeries).
‡
Spinal fusion or proxies for spinal fusion (e.g., disc arthroplasty). Fusion may or may not have also involved decompression.