TABLE 1:
Language measures
| Measure | Patients with Dyslexia |
Control Subjects |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Verbal IQ | 115.5 | 10.2 | 120.1 | 15.5 |
| Word identification* | 83.5 | 11.5 | 109.3 | 5.9 |
| Word attack† | 86.8 | 7.7 | 107.3 | 5.3 |
| Phonologic‡ | 8.8 | 1.6 | 11.3 | 1.4 |
| RAN letters§ | 2.2 | 1.9 | −0.7 | 0.6 |
| RAN switching letters/numbers§ | 3.9 | 3.2 | −0.4 | 0.8 |
| Orthographic word choice‖ | 33.3 | 20.0 | 71.3 | 11.3 |
*
Real words were used.
†
Pronounceable pseudowords were used.
‡
The task was to delete sounds in spoken words. The frequency of correct responses was recorded.
§
The task was to rapidly but accurately name rows of continuous letters or alternating letters and digits. Z scores were based on grade norms for time (in seconds), with positive scores indicating performance slower and below the mean and negative scores indicating performance faster and above the mean.
‖
The task was to choose correctly spelled words from three choices pronounced the same or nearly the same. The percentage of correct responses was recorded.