Figure 3.

The relationships of circRNAs with gastrointestinal malignancies. (A) Cell proliferation, differentiation and cell cycle regulation. (B) Cell apoptosis regulation. (C) Cell metabolism regulation. (D) Immune escape. (E) Invasion and metastasis regulation. (F) Angiogenesis regulation. (G) Drug resistance regulation. EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases; KLF4, Krüppel-like factor4; NF-κB, nuclear transcription factor-κB; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; ZEB1, zinc finger E-box binding protein 1; PTBP1, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1; PKLR, L-type pyruvate kinase; USP5, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5; BRCA1, breast cancer type 1; bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; HOXC6, homeobox C6; TET1, tet methylcytosine dioxygenases 1; S6K, S6 kinase; RBBP7, retinoblastoma-binding protein 7.