Table 4.
The impact of chokeberry supplementation on selected parameters of inflammation and iron management
| Parameters | Supplemented group | Placebo group | p-value interaction intervention * effects of physical exercise test * group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| before supplementation Mean (SD) | after supplementation Mean (SD) | before supplementation Mean (SD) | after supplementation Mean (SD) | ||
| Albumin [μg/ml] | |||||
| Before | 4.55 (1.1) | 3.55 (0.7) | 4.65 (0.9) | 4.02 (1.0) | 0.23 |
| After | 4.85 (0.6) | 3.79 (0.6) | 5.34 (1.7) | 3.69 (0.6) | |
| 3 h after | 4.46 (0.8) | 3.31 (0.5) | 5.57 (1.8) | 3.63 (0.8) | |
| 24 h after | 4.33 (1.2) | 3.73 (0.9) | 5.15 (1.8) | 3.23 (0.4) | |
| Myoglobin [ng/ml] | |||||
| Before | 15.23 (7.5) | 14.11 (4.3) | 19.35 (15.6) | 17.64 (8.9) | 0.91 |
| After | 17.50 (5.8) | 17.77 (6.9) | 21.21 (17.9) | 22.82 (11.0) | |
| 3 h after | 19.17 (8.3) | 14.98 (6.1) | 24.16 (14.7) | 24.18 (12.3) | |
| 24 h after | 28.85 (13.6) | 17.60 (13.9) | 28.25 (16.4) | 16.30 (7.5) | |
| IL-6 [pg/ml] | |||||
| Before | 47.44 (13.1) | 48.42 (18.8) | 42.80 (7.0) | 44.51 (4.2) | 0.99 |
| After | 49.97 (12.7) | 54.25 (24.5) | 43.83 (2.3) | 49.11 (4.8) | |
| 3 h after | 51.35 (23.1) | 47.47 (10.4) | 45.75 (11.9) | 45.33 (4.0) | |
| 24 h after | 46.84 (13.7) | 46.98 (10.8) | 43.97 (5.0) | 45.18 (3.9) | |
| Hepcidin [ng/ml] | |||||
| Before | 6.99 (3.5) | 9.31 (12.9) | 7.34 (8.6) | 4.74 (1.6) | 0.75 |
| After | 7.24 (4.3) | 11.29 (16.5) | 7.55 (8.8) | 4.53 (2.2) | |
| 3 h after | 7.56 (4.9) | 12.42 (15.4) | 8.96 (9.1) | 7.04 (4.1) | |
| 24 h after | 8.27 (5.6) | 8.69 (11.5) | 4.39 (2.8) | 4.05 (1.4) | |
| Ferritin [ng/ml] | |||||
| Before | 12.11 (7.2) | 13.08 (8.6) | 10.09 (4.8) | 11.55 (4.3) | 0.85 |
| After | 12.46 (8.3) | 14.84 (9.5) | 11.14 (5.7) | 13.12 (5.9) | |
| 3 h after | 11.17 (6.2) | 12.76 (8.8) | 10.72 (6.0) | 10.68 (4.3) | |
| 24 h after | 11.79 (7.2) | 13.14 (9.3) | 10.78 (5.4) | 11.04 (6.8) | |
| Iron [μg/ml] | |||||
| Before | 97.12 (19.8) | 104.67 (43.3) | 114.74 (32.5) | 120.19 (23.8) | 0.13 |
| 3 h after | 78.35 (20.1) | 81.37 (35.2) | 88.71 (24.4) | 125 (16.7) | |
(SD) standard deviation, μg/ml micrograms/millilitre, ng/ml nanograms/millilitre, pg/ml picograms/millilitre, before before the test, after after the test, 3 h after 3 h after the test, 24 h after 24 h after the test