TABLE 1.
Baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| All | Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin | Placebo | |
| Patients | 117 | 61 | 56 |
| Age, years | 65 (52–77) | 68 (52–80) | 63 (52–74) |
| Male | 65 (56) | 36 (59) | 29 (52) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 98 (84) | 53 (87) | 45 (80) |
| African (including Afro-American) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Asian | 12 (10) | 6 (10) | 6 (11) |
| Unknown/other | 6 (5) | 2 (3) | 4 (7) |
| Body mass index, kg·m–2 | 27.2 (24.8–32.2) | 29.0 (24.9–33.3) | 26.8 (24.6–31) |
| Smoking characteristics | |||
| Current smoker | 6 (5) | 4 (7) | 2 (4) |
| Ex-smoker | 48 (41) | 29 (48) | 19 (34) |
| Never-smoker | 63 (54) | 28 (46) | 35 (62) |
| Pack-years (current and ex-smokers), years | 20 (8–35) | 20 (8–35) | 25 (10–35) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Asthma | 26 (22) | 12 (20) | 14 (25) |
| COPD | 10 (9) | 8 (13) | 2 (4) |
| Bronchiectasis | 4 (3) | 3 (5) | 1 (2) |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 6 (5) | 3 (5) | 3 (5) |
| Heart failure | 8 (7) | 5 (8) | 3 (5) |
| Diabetes | 28 (24) | 17 (15) | 11 (9) |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 8 (7) | 5 (8) | 3 (5) |
| Time since symptom onset, days | 8 (4–10) | 7 (4–10) | 8 (5–11) |
| Use of oxygen therapy | 69 (59) | 34 (56) | 35 (62) |
| Use of continuous positive airway pressure | 23 (20) | 12 (20) | 11 (20) |
| Use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 4 (3) | 3 (5) | 1 (2) |
| Infiltrate(s) on chest radiograph | 85 (73) | 43 (70) | 42 (75) |
| Oxygen use, L·min–1 | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) |
| Clinical findings | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125 (115–137) | 127 (118–141) | 122 (111–134) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74 (65–82) | 76 (68–87) | 72 (63–79) |
| Heart rate, beats·min–1 | 77 (69–86) | 78 (71–89) | 74 (68–84) |
| Oxygen saturation with nasal oxygen, % | 95 (94–97) | 95 (94–97) | 95 (94–97) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths·min–1 | 19 (18–20) | 19 (18–20) | 18 (18–20) |
| Temperature, °C | 37.2 (36.8–37.8) | 37.2 (36.8–37.8) | 37.2 (36.9–37.7) |
| Laboratory measurements | |||
| Leukocyte count, ×109 cells·L–1 | 5.9 (4.6–8.0) | 5.8 (4.6–7.9) | 5.9 (4.5–9.0) |
| Blood eosinophil count, ×109 cells·L–1 | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) | 0.02 (0.01–0.05) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) |
| C-reactive protein, mg·L–1 | 62 (36–130) | 58 (37–120) | 71 (34–132) |
| Fibrin D-dimer, mg·L–1 | 0.60 (0.37–1.20) | 0.55 (0.37–1.35) | 0.68 (0.36–1.10) |
| Ferritin, µg·L–1 | 458 (221–1100) | 410 (176–1060) | 504 (262–1102) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U·L–1 | 278 (218–346) | 270 (214–342) | 278 (233–351) |
| Arterial blood gas | |||
| PCO2 (baseline), mmHg | 35.0±6.8 | 35.9±8.3 | 34.1±4.9 |
| PO2 (baseline), mmHg | 72.8±22.5 | 72.5±26.0 | 73.2±18.5 |
| HCO3– (baseline), mmHg | 23.93±3.74 | 24.39±4.44 | 23.46±2.86 |
| pH (baseline) | 7.46±0.04 | 7.46±0.04 | 7.46±0.03 |
| QTc(F) | 417 (401–436) | 414 (400–436) | 420 (404–434) |
| Remdesivir use | 28 (25) | 13 (22) | 15 (28) |
| Dexamethasone use | 36 (32) | 17 (28) | 19 (35) |
Data are presented as n, median (interquartile range), n (%) or mean±sd. PCO2: carbon dioxide tension; PO2: oxygen tension; HCO3–: bicarbonate; QTc(F): corrected QT interval.