Fig. 4.

Epigenetic targeting strategies to improve the clinical management of radioresistance. 59 pre-clinical studies have investigated a wide range of HDACi, DNMTi, and KDMi for radiosensitization purposes. Only 6 studies were conducted in PCa models. A further 8 clinical trials (Phase I, II, and III) are evaluating the use of HDACi and DNMTi in several cancer types in combination with conventional RT schemes. Overall, the use of these epidrugs results in cytotoxic effects promoting tumor cell death. DNMTi, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; HDACi, histone deacetylase inhibitor; KDMi, histone lysine demethylase inhibitor. For additional information please access Additional file 1