Table 1.

The mice experimental design

Experiment	Group No.	PS50 (mg/kg body weight)	PS500 (mg/kg body weight)	PS5000 (mg/kg body weight)	Male (n)	Female (n)
Biodistribution experimenta)	1	0	0	0	10	5
	2	250 (RF)	0	0	10	5
	3	250 (RF)	125 (GF)	0	10	5
	4	250 (RF)	250 (GF)	0	10	5
	5	250 (RF)	500 (GF)	0	10	5
	6	0	250 (RF)	0	10	5
	7	125 (RF)	250 (GF)	0	10	5
	8	500 (RF)	250 (GF)	0	10	5
	9	0	0	250 (RF)	10	5
	10	250 (RF)	0	250 (GF)	10	5
	11	0	250 (RF)	250 (GF)	10	5
Toxicity effects on intestinal barrier experimentb)	1	0	0	0	10	0
	2	250 (NF)	0	0	10	0
	3	500 (NF)	0	0	10	0
	4	0	250 (NF)	0	10	0
	5	0	500 (NF)	0	10	0
	6	250 (NF)	250 (NF)	0	10	0
Oxidant and antioxidant treatment experimentc)	1	0	0	0	25	0
	2	250 (NF)	0	0	15	0
	3	500 (NF)	0	0	15	0
	4	0	250 (NF)	0	15	0
	5	0	500 (NF)	0	15	0
	6	250 (NF)	250 (NF)	0	15	0
28-day repeated dose oral toxicity studyd)	1	0	0	0	10	0
	2	2.5 (NF)	0	0	10	0
	3	25 (NF)	0	0	10	0
	4	50 (NF)	0	0	10	0
	5	250 (NF)	0	0	10	0
	6	500 (NF)	0	0	10	0
	7	0	2.5 (NF)	0	10	0
	8	0	25 (NF)	0	10	0
	9	0	50 (NF)	0	10	0
	10	0	250 (NF)	0	10	0
	11	0	500 (NF)	0	10	0
	12	25 (NF)	25 (NF)	0	10	0
	13	250 (NF)	250 (NF)	0	10	0

^a) Results in Fig. 3 and 4 and Figures S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8; ^b) Results in Fig. 5 and Figure S9; ^c) Results in Fig. 6 and Figures S10 and S11; ^d) Results in Fig. 7 and Figures S12 and S13. NF, non-fluorescence; RF, red fluorescence; GF, green fluorescence